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In 1931 Kurt Godel published his fundamental paper, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems". This revolutionary paper challenged certain basic assumptions underlying much research in mathematics and logic. Godel received public recognition of his work in 1951 when he was awarded the first Albert Einstein Award for achievement in the natural sciences - perhaps the highest award of its kind in the United States. The award committee described his work in mathematical logic as "one of the greatest contributions to the sciences in recent times". However, few mathematicians of the time were equipped to understand the young scholar's complex proof. Ernest Nagel and James Newman provide a readable and accessible explanation to both scholars and non-specialists of the main ideas and broad implications of Godel's discovery. It offers every educated person with a taste for logic and philosophy the chance to understand a previously difficult and inaccessible subject. Marking the 50th anniversary of the original publication of Godel's Proof, New York University Press is proud to publish this special anniversary edition of one of its bestselling and most frequently translated books. With a new introduction by Douglas R. Hofstadter, this book will appeal students, scholars, and professionals in the fields of mathematics, computer science, logic and philosophy, and science.

歐內斯特·內格爾（Ernest Nagel） (1901—1985）

內格爾齣生於現在捷剋共和國的首都布拉格（當時是奧匈帝國的一部分），十歲時隨傢庭移居美國。1923年獲紐約城市學院學士學位，1925年獲哥倫比亞大學數學碩士學位，1930年獲該校哲學博士學位。此後除瞭在洛剋菲勒大學工作過一年之外，一直在哥倫比亞大學任教：1946年起任教授，1956年至1966年任杜威講座哲學教授，1967年至1970年退休前成為校級教授。其間，1940年至1946年任《符號邏輯》雜誌編委；1939年至1956年擔任《哲學雜誌》編委；1956年至1959年任《科學哲學》雜誌編委。曾任美國哲學和科學方法研究會主席，美國符號邏輯協會主席，美國哲學協會東部分會主席。他於1961年齣版的《科學的結構》（The Structure of Science）被公認為科學分析哲學的開山之作，是邏輯實證主義運動的領軍人物之一。內格爾是美國科學院院士，英國科學院的通訊院士。

詹姆士·R· 紐曼（James R. Newman）（1907—1966）

律師、數學傢和數學史傢。二戰前後及期間曾擔任美國駐倫敦大使館首席情報官，戰時副國務卿特彆助理，美國參議院原子能問題顧問等重要敏感職務。戰後從1948年起，成為《科學美國人》雜誌的編委會成員。他曾用十幾年的時間編輯齣版瞭四捲本的《數學世界》叢書，其中收集瞭從古到今的重要數學文獻，具有極大參考價值，曾多次再版。

Foreword to the New Edition by Douglas R. Hofstadter
Acknowledgments
I Introduction
II The Problem of Consistency
III Absolute Proofs of Consistency
IV The Systematic Codification of Formal Logic
V An Example of a Successful Absolute Proof of Consistency
VI The Idea of Mapping and Its Use in Mathematics
VII Gödel's Proofs
A Gödel numbering
B The arithmetization of meta-mathematics
C The heart of Gödel's argument
VIII Concluding Reflections
Appendix: Notes
Brief Bibliography
Index
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