The Great Divergence pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2025

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Kenneth Pomeranz

Princeton University Press

2001-12-9

392

USD 39.95

Paperback

Princeton Economic History of the Western World

9780691090108

图书标签: 经济史历史海外中国研究大分流比较经济史经济汉学中国

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发表于2025-02-22

The Great Divergence epub 下载 mobi 下载 pdf 下载 txt 电子书下载 2025

The Great Divergence pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2025

图书描述

The Great Divergence brings new insight to one of the classic questions of history: Why did sustained industrial growth begin in Northwest Europe, despite surprising similarities between advanced areas of Europe and East Asia? As Ken Pomeranz shows, as recently as 1750, parallels between these two parts of the world were very high in life expectancy, consumption, product and factor markets, and the strategies of households. Perhaps most surprisingly, Pomeranz demonstrates that the Chinese and Japanese cores were no worse off ecologically than Western Europe. Core areas throughout the eighteenth-century Old World faced comparable local shortages of land-intensive products, shortages that were only partly resolved by trade.

Pomeranz argues that Europe's nineteenth-century divergence from the Old World owes much to the fortunate location of coal, which substituted for timber. This made Europe's failure to use its land intensively much less of a problem, while allowing growth in energy-intensive industries. Another crucial difference that he notes has to do with trade. Fortuitous global conjunctures made the Americas a greater source of needed primary products for Europe than any Asian periphery. This allowed Northwest Europe to grow dramatically in population, specialize further in manufactures, and remove labor from the land, using increased imports rather than maximizing yields. Together, coal and the New World allowed Europe to grow along resource-intensive, labor-saving paths.

Meanwhile, Asia hit a cul-de-sac. Although the East Asian hinterlands boomed after 1750, both in population and in manufacturing, this growth prevented these peripheral regions from exporting vital resources to the cloth-producing Yangzi Delta. As a result, growth in the core of East Asia's economy essentially stopped, and what growth did exist was forced along labor-intensive, resource-saving paths--paths Europe could have been forced down, too, had it not been for favorable resource stocks from underground and overseas.

The Great Divergence 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书

著者简介

彭慕兰(Kenneth Pomeranz),美国加利福尼亚大学尔湾分校历史系主任、历史和东亚语言文学教授,加州大学系统世界史研究组主任。其大部分著作围绕着中国和比较经济发展、农村社会变革、环境变革及政府的形成等展开研究,但也著有民间宗教史和家庭结构及性别角色史方面的著作。

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The Great Divergence pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载

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与王国斌如出一辙但野心更大，把问题推到最终极形态后自然也消亡了讨论。加州学派终极提问“为何同样面对马尔萨斯陷阱的西欧和中国只有一方走上斯密增长/产生了资本主义”，首先如何定义解读马尔萨斯和斯密（和马克思）就决定了对问题走向和意义的判断（增长和发展和突破的分野，西欧普世抑或西欧特例、经济理性、资本主义定义），下来是方法技术上观察何种历史动力，考察何地区和时段，用何指标，指标得出是否同一样东西，最后是定论是否有分野，分野在什么时候。彭氏竭尽所能将所有事情做到了极致：东西方几乎所有重要因素大致相同，西欧是特例甚至更为落后，突破马氏陷阱的可能性同时存在，西欧的落后（人口、环境和制度不早熟）加上地理大发现突破人口和能源桎梏并刺激航海贸易发展催生18世纪分流。随着历史动力在解释中的消亡，问题也不存在了。

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解释为什么工业革命发生在西欧而不是东亚，从粮食能源劳动力奢侈品消费等等各方面事无巨细地比较了工业革命前的几个地区，结论是早期欧洲根本没优势！全是靠了新大陆和黑奴。好书，值得一看，就是句子都好长好拗口，各种插入语看得好累人…

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上周刚和这哥们吃了饭

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a must-read (though not an easy-read) for comparative world history

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