The Manchu Way

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出版者:Stanford University Press
作者:Mark C. Elliott
出品人:
页数:608
译者:
出版时间:2001-3-15
价格:USD 33.95
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780804746847
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 新清史 
  • 海外中国研究 
  • 清史 
  • 历史 
  • 满族 
  • 欧立德 
  • 明清史 
  • 满洲 
  •  
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In 1644, the Manchus, a relatively unknown people inhabiting China’s rude northeastern frontier, overthrew the Ming, Asia’s mightiest rulers, and established the Qing dynasty, which endured to 1912. From this event arises one of Chinese history’s great conundrums: How did a barely literate alien people manage to remain in power for nearly 300 years over a highly cultured population that was vastly superior in number? This problem has fascinated scholars for almost a century, but until now no one has approached the question from the Manchu point of view.

This book, the first in any language to be based mainly on Manchu documents, supplies a radically new perspective on the formative period of the modern Chinese nation. Drawing on recent critical notions of ethnicity, the author explores the evolution of the “Eight Banners,” a unique Manchu system of social and military organization that was instrumental in the conquest of the Ming.

The author argues that as rulers of China the Manchu conquerors had to behave like Confucian monarchs, but that as a non-Han minority they faced other, more complex considerations as well. Their power derived not only from the acceptance of orthodox Chinese notions of legitimacy, but also, the author suggests, from Manchu “ethnic sovereignty,” which depended on the sustained coherence of the conquerors.

When, in the early 1700s, this coherence was threatened by rapid acculturation and the prospective loss of Manchu distinctiveness, the Qing court, always insecure, desperately urged its minions to uphold the traditions of an idealized “Manchu Way.” However, the author shows that it was not this appeal but rather the articulation of a broader identity grounded in the realities of Eight Banner life that succeeded in preserving Manchu ethnicity, and the Qing dynasty along with it, into the twentieth century.

具体描述

读后感

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1所读第二本新清史著作 2与“汉化观(Sinicization)”不同,强调清帝国的满洲性(Manchuness)。反驳学界主流的满人汉化说,认为满清一朝,满清利用八旗制度维系满人族群认同,而且也卓有成效。八旗兵的腐化堕落是事实,满语的衰退也是事实。但民族构建是有多种维度,从其他方面,...

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满族在中国历史上扮演着一个重要的角色。满洲统治者在整个清王朝一直处于政治支配者地位。关于满族史的比较传统的一类看法, 往往将满族形成的时间定位于1644 年清军入关之前。有人把努尔哈赤称汗建国, 或满文的创制看作是满族形成的重要标志; 也有学者认为, 满族共同体的最终形...  

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欧立德这部新清史的力作运用族群理论分析清朝满洲的民族性,与新清史研究多数探讨晚清不同,本书详细梳理了从清朝开国到乾隆朝的女真/满洲的民族性问题,并对以往清史研究中汉化论的主流观点进行反思,提出八旗制度在维护满洲民族和造成满汉区隔的重要作用。新清史的满...  

评分

1所读第二本新清史著作 2与“汉化观(Sinicization)”不同,强调清帝国的满洲性(Manchuness)。反驳学界主流的满人汉化说,认为满清一朝,满清利用八旗制度维系满人族群认同,而且也卓有成效。八旗兵的腐化堕落是事实,满语的衰退也是事实。但民族构建是有多种维度,从其他方面,...

评分

欧立德这部新清史的力作运用族群理论分析清朝满洲的民族性,与新清史研究多数探讨晚清不同,本书详细梳理了从清朝开国到乾隆朝的女真/满洲的民族性问题,并对以往清史研究中汉化论的主流观点进行反思,提出八旗制度在维护满洲民族和造成满汉区隔的重要作用。新清史的满...  

用户评价

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introduction and conclusion

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侍衛制度方面相當多低級錯誤啊……

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总体感觉欧立德此书不如濮德培的China Marches West,核心观点不够凸显,按我的理解就是:一个国家、族群的民族主义或种族观念,对正统或血脉的强调,往往是在其遇到内外危机的时候才变得明显,而在其如日中天的时候,反而是比较的淡薄。

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just so so

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很多灵感和意识源于人类学,尤其族群概念翻炒较晦涩。一些话确实偏颇或要商榷(如满人有无在过往研究中被彻底忽视,一说汉化就说彻底汉化,清史满史是否从未被合写过),但抓只言片语推论欧氏说满清不是中国一部分则太过诛心。欧氏笔下八旗制度既是政治上维系满族族群主权和家国一体化帝国的工具与制度,用驻防和区隔掌握满足族群认同,天长日久又将满族的规范认同转化为文化仪式上履行认同,终至满旗同义,而危机中清朝通过各种形式复兴巩固满旗认同亦可反映八旗制度重要性。也暴露了一个自己着墨不够的矛盾:一方面满清统治集团重视保守团结与族群区隔,以制度文化区分统治精英与民众使得现代形成新满族族群身份;另一方面他又认为满清因有内亚根源和传统而普世性远超以往各王朝,打破中原塞外区隔并管治蒙疆藏,打下中国现代疆域与多民族基础。

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