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Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was born in Malmesbury. Entering Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1603, he took his degree in 1608 and became tutor to the eldest son of Lord Cavendish of Hardwick, afterwards the Earl of Devonshire; his connection with this family was life-long. His first interest was in the classics, and his first published work a translation of Thucydides, in 1628. An interest in science and philosophy soon developed, heightened by extended travels in Europe in 1629-31 and 1634-37. This led to his great project of a political science. His first verson of this, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, was privately circulated in 1640, when Parliament was hotly disputing the king’s powers, and Hobbes fled to Paris, where he stayed for eleven years.
A second version, De Cive, was published in 1642, and the third, Leviathan—the crowning achievement of his political science—in 1651. It was so influential that it came under widespread attack and was in danger of condemnation by the House of Commons. Hobbes perforce lived quietly and published little more on political matters. At the age of eighty-four he composed an autobiography in Latin verse, and within the next three years translated the whole of Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad.
- 霍布斯
- 政治哲學
- Hobbes
- 政治學
- 哲學
- 政治
- 利維坦
- Politics
“During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre”
Written during the turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan is an ambitious and highly original work of political philosophy. Claiming that man’s essential nature is competitive and selfish, Hobbes formulates the case for a powerful sovereign—or “Leviathan”—to enforce peace and the law, substituting security for the anarchic freedom he believed human beings would otherwise experience. This worldview shocked many of Hobbes’s contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle’s view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a whole new world of political science.
Based on the original 1651 text, this edition incorporates Hobbes’s own corrections, while also retaining the original spelling and punctuation, to read with vividness and clarity. C. B. Macpherson’s introduction elucidates one of the most fascinating works of modern philosophy for the general reader.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
具體描述
讀後感
【按语：较之《论公民》，《利维坦》是一部宏大庞杂得多的著作：当有人常常在这里寻觅契约论的雏形，寻求对国家或主权的辩护时，另一些人可能会发现《利维坦》对基督教的理解在今天看来仍然是异端的甚至异教的、让人冒犯的，毫无灵性观念甚至到了粗俗的地步。 事实上，《利维...
評分应北京大学“大学堂”顶尖学者讲学计划的邀请，著名思想史家、历史学家、伦敦玛丽皇后学院教授昆廷·斯金纳（Quentin Skinner）于近日访问北京大学，并发表系列演讲。4月11日晚，斯金纳教授发表其系列演讲的第三讲。本次演讲由北京大学哲学系李猛教授主持。 在本次演讲中，斯金...
評分霍布斯的论证非常有逻辑，注意到了很多可能反驳的地方，值得学习。 1.自然状态。（十三章） 霍布斯对自然状态的论证是从人性角度出发的，他认为人有三种欲望，使之争斗：竞争、猜忌、荣誉。 分别代表着利益获得、利益损失（安全）、心理优越。 霍布斯自然状态的前提假设是平等...
評分【按语：较之《论公民》，《利维坦》是一部宏大庞杂得多的著作：当有人常常在这里寻觅契约论的雏形，寻求对国家或主权的辩护时，另一些人可能会发现《利维坦》对基督教的理解在今天看来仍然是异端的甚至异教的、让人冒犯的，毫无灵性观念甚至到了粗俗的地步。 事实上，《利维...
評分【按语：较之《论公民》，《利维坦》是一部宏大庞杂得多的著作：当有人常常在这里寻觅契约论的雏形，寻求对国家或主权的辩护时，另一些人可能会发现《利维坦》对基督教的理解在今天看来仍然是异端的甚至异教的、让人冒犯的，毫无灵性观念甚至到了粗俗的地步。 事实上，《利维...
用戶評價
就讀過的章節言，感覺霍布斯最精彩，也似乎最可信的部分，在於他用一種'工具理性'為國傢的正當性作辯護—假如我們要走齣互相提防的囚徒睏境，那麼便要設立一個國傢；人性是否'本惡'並非重點，重點是自然狀態下我們沒有理由相信他人的善意—這似乎確實是一個可以被普遍接受的促使我們設立國傢的理由。但令我難以信服的是，'工具理性'是否足以支撐'利維坦'的結構及(齣於同樣的自利條件)臣民應無條件服從統治的論證？霍布斯似乎還需要一係列的經驗性主張都成立纔能構成利維坦建立之後我們無條件服從的理由(否則就會重迴自然狀態！)，而這些主張是否成立需要實證研究支持(而很多根據我們已有的經驗證明是錯誤的)—這大概也是那些'反直覺'的論證不那麼精彩的原因。從中可以體會到用'工具理性'作論證進路的優點和局限
评分Hobbes絕對是天纔。私以為Of Man比Of Common-wealth甚至更勝一籌，對詞的定義絕瞭。
评分Sovereign; natural state (evil and hostile); state of war;
评分And how is he desperate yet hopeful about human condition all the times, how his agony and conflicts show from these letters.
评分為瞭搞掉教會的權勢，霍布斯不惜一切手段構成這個絕對奇異絕對反常識的絕對國傢主義。甚至拋齣瞭隻要有faith in Jesus and obedience to God，聖經怎麼解讀不重要的激進論斷。從他幾乎不可能實現的政治體係中（當今中國maybe？），也展露齣很多延續到今天的政治和法律理念。很帶勁的書！
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