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Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was born in Malmesbury. Entering Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1603, he took his degree in 1608 and became tutor to the eldest son of Lord Cavendish of Hardwick, afterwards the Earl of Devonshire; his connection with this family was life-long. His first interest was in the classics, and his first published work a translation of Thucydides, in 1628. An interest in science and philosophy soon developed, heightened by extended travels in Europe in 1629-31 and 1634-37. This led to his great project of a political science. His first verson of this, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, was privately circulated in 1640, when Parliament was hotly disputing the king’s powers, and Hobbes fled to Paris, where he stayed for eleven years.
A second version, De Cive, was published in 1642, and the third, Leviathan—the crowning achievement of his political science—in 1651. It was so influential that it came under widespread attack and was in danger of condemnation by the House of Commons. Hobbes perforce lived quietly and published little more on political matters. At the age of eighty-four he composed an autobiography in Latin verse, and within the next three years translated the whole of Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad.
- 霍布斯
- 政治哲學
- Hobbes
- 政治學
- 哲學
- 政治
- 利維坦
- Politics
“During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre”
Written during the turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan is an ambitious and highly original work of political philosophy. Claiming that man’s essential nature is competitive and selfish, Hobbes formulates the case for a powerful sovereign—or “Leviathan”—to enforce peace and the law, substituting security for the anarchic freedom he believed human beings would otherwise experience. This worldview shocked many of Hobbes’s contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle’s view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a whole new world of political science.
Based on the original 1651 text, this edition incorporates Hobbes’s own corrections, while also retaining the original spelling and punctuation, to read with vividness and clarity. C. B. Macpherson’s introduction elucidates one of the most fascinating works of modern philosophy for the general reader.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
具體描述
讀後感
这次抗疫，引发全国以举国之力，众志成城，发挥了体制优势。看到武汉方舱病床上的小伙子，看福山的“政治秩序的起源”。其实，想了解国家体制的起源，他应该看这本书-利维坦。 该书在本科时，是政治哲学必读书。但真正读懂，是在毕业以后。利维坦是圣经里的巨大怪物，作者霍布...
評分什么是世界的均质化？世界的均质化是近代自然科学发展的必然结果。自然科学追求知识的确定性，认为世界必须在一种严密、精确、可传达的方法中得到理解。数学正是达到这种确定性和精确性的最佳方法。牛顿物理学是整个近代哲学思维方式的根基，而牛顿给他的物理学著作就取名为《...
評分没看原著之前，在一些材料那里了解到，霍布斯主张人性本恶，在没有国家维持秩序之前的“自然状态”里，“人对人是狼”，什么规则都没有，只有弱肉强食，丛林法则。当时我想，霍布斯究竟多弱智才会把人类描述得如此猪狗不如，要知道自然界中最凶残的动物都不至于会与同类处在长...
評分霍布斯的逻辑 《利维坦》这本书是霍布斯描述的一种关于“国家”的构想。他的逻辑是：1、基于人性，如果没有强力的约束，人类一定会陷入无休止的暴力内乱；2、人们当然会遵循自然法，其中第二自然法似乎特别重要：“在别人也愿意这样做的条件下，当一个人为了和平与自卫的目的认...
評分用戶評價
Sovereign; natural state (evil and hostile); state of war;
评分Hobbes絕對是天纔。私以為Of Man比Of Common-wealth甚至更勝一籌，對詞的定義絕瞭。
评分And how is he desperate yet hopeful about human condition all the times, how his agony and conflicts show from these letters.
评分Hobbes絕對是天纔。私以為Of Man比Of Common-wealth甚至更勝一籌，對詞的定義絕瞭。
评分I authorise and give up my right of governing myself to this man, or to this assembly of men, on this condition; that thou give up, thy right to him, and authorise all his actions in like manner.
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