Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was born in Malmesbury. Entering Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1603, he took his degree in 1608 and became tutor to the eldest son of Lord Cavendish of Hardwick, afterwards the Earl of Devonshire; his connection with this family was life-long. His first interest was in the classics, and his first published work a translation of Thucydides, in 1628. An interest in science and philosophy soon developed, heightened by extended travels in Europe in 1629-31 and 1634-37. This led to his great project of a political science. His first verson of this, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, was privately circulated in 1640, when Parliament was hotly disputing the king’s powers, and Hobbes fled to Paris, where he stayed for eleven years.
A second version, De Cive, was published in 1642, and the third, Leviathan—the crowning achievement of his political science—in 1651. It was so influential that it came under widespread attack and was in danger of condemnation by the House of Commons. Hobbes perforce lived quietly and published little more on political matters. At the age of eighty-four he composed an autobiography in Latin verse, and within the next three years translated the whole of Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad.
“During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre”
Written during the turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan is an ambitious and highly original work of political philosophy. Claiming that man’s essential nature is competitive and selfish, Hobbes formulates the case for a powerful sovereign—or “Leviathan”—to enforce peace and the law, substituting security for the anarchic freedom he believed human beings would otherwise experience. This worldview shocked many of Hobbes’s contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle’s view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a whole new world of political science.
Based on the original 1651 text, this edition incorporates Hobbes’s own corrections, while also retaining the original spelling and punctuation, to read with vividness and clarity. C. B. Macpherson’s introduction elucidates one of the most fascinating works of modern philosophy for the general reader.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
人的本性是利己,所谓的利他来自两个原因:一是,如果你的利己行为伤害了他人的利益,会遭到他人的打击,这会导致利己的失败,所以有时候为了达到利己的目的,必须利他;二是,一个人利己的能力有限,团结了更多人就有更大的力量来实现利己。 国家和保险公司的性质有点像。我们...
評分一、霍布斯的自由主义者争论 霍布斯《利维坦》的主题,长期被简化为国家机器是因为“一切人反对一切人”才不得已诞生的,又由于霍布斯强调了人受到本能里竞争、荣誉、猜疑(p94)等激情的驱使而斗争,似乎他就成为了个人主义甚至自由主义的代言人(比如本书的一些短评)。 如今...
評分霍布斯的逻辑 《利维坦》这本书是霍布斯描述的一种关于“国家”的构想。他的逻辑是:1、基于人性,如果没有强力的约束,人类一定会陷入无休止的暴力内乱;2、人们当然会遵循自然法,其中第二自然法似乎特别重要:“在别人也愿意这样做的条件下,当一个人为了和平与自卫的目的认...
評分为什么要读霍布斯? 随着各种国家理论,更合理的契约理论的提出,很多人认为霍布斯没有再被阅读的需要了。但是情况远远不是这样,从学科史的角度来看,要想了解一种思想,需要了解这个思想的发端和发展过程。理解契约理论的开端,才能更好地理解契约理论——而霍布斯正是作为这...
評分很惭愧我才看完这本震古烁今的政治哲学著作。作者托马斯 霍布斯生活在17世纪,出身贫寒,不过自幼聪颖好思考,去了一个大伯爵家当家庭教师,自此走入上流社会,与迄今仍然影响力很大的名流交往,这些人包括伽利略、培根、笛卡尔。他的一生是不断适应环境、力图生存的一生,曾在...
part1 (ch6, 13)
评分And how is he desperate yet hopeful about human condition all the times, how his agony and conflicts show from these letters.
评分並沒有讀完整本 隻讀瞭13 14 17 18 21…
评分讀瞭這麼半天,壓根就沒注意書名音譯過來就是利維坦…
评分給5星不是因為我同意他的觀點,而是從他那個時代來看這本書,真是大膽、創新。不過十七世紀的英語真是好纍啊朋友。Also, did Mao read this? 可怕。
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