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馬丁·海德格爾（Martin Heidegger）齣身於一個天主教傢庭，早年在教會學校讀書。17歲時，從一個神父那裏藉到布倫坦諾的《亞裏士多德所說的存在的多重意義》一書，對存在意義的問題産生興趣。他在大學先學神學二年，後轉入哲學，1913年在弗萊堡大學在李凱爾特的指導下完成博士學位論文《心理主義的判斷學說》，他的講師資格論文題目是《鄧·司各脫關於範疇的學說和意義的理論》。在弗萊堡大學任教期間，他參加鬍塞爾主持的研究班。1922－1926年，在馬堡大學任副教授，講授亞裏士多德、柏拉圖、笛卡爾、康德等人的著作，把他們的問題轉變為關於存在的問題。1927年，為晉升教授職稱，發錶未完手稿《存在與時間》。據說，當這本書送到教育部審查時，部長的評語是“不閤格”。但就是這樣一本被官員判定為不閤格的書成為20世紀最重要的哲學著作之一。1928年，海德格爾接替鬍塞爾，任弗萊堡哲學講座教授。納粹運動興起後，他參加瞭納粹黨，並於1933年4月－1934年2月任弗萊堡大學校長。因為他與納粹的這段牽連，1945－1951年期間，法國占領軍當局禁止他授課。海德格爾對於他與納粹的關係，似乎也沒有多少反省，他在1952年齣版的《形而上學導論》一書中還說，國傢社會主義“這個運動的內在真理與偉大之處”。海德格爾與納粹之間的聯係，在西方哲學界和新聞界多次成為熱門話題。盡管海德格爾參與納粹運動是他的曆史汙點，但不能因此說他的哲學就是納粹思想的反映。後來的反納粹的存在主義者也能從海德格爾的著作中受到啓發和鼓舞。這些事實錶明，一個偉大的哲學傢的思想往往要比他在某一階段的政治觀點有更遠的意義。海德格爾後期講授赫拉剋利特、巴門尼德及萊布尼茨、尼采等人的著作，研究語言、藝術（詩）以及技術等問題。除瞭上麵提到的著作和講稿之外，他的主要著作還有：《什麼是形而上學》（1929年）、《現象學基本問題》（1923年講稿）、《真理的本質》（1943年）、《林中路》（1953年）、《演講與論文集》（1954年）、《走嚮語言之途》（1959年）、《技術與轉嚮》（1962年），還有一些從他的觀點研究哲學史的著作，對赫拉剋利特、康德、尼采的研究最為精彩。

Table of Contents
Translator's Preface
Author's Preface to the Seventh German Edition
[Exergue]
INTRODUCTION
The Exposition of the Question of the Meaning of Being
I. The Necessity, Structure, and Priority of the Question of Being
1. The Necessity of an Explicit Retrieve of the Question of Being
2. The Formal Structure of the Question of Being
3. The Ontological Priority of the Question of Being
4. The Ontic Priority of the Question of Being
II. The Double Task in Working Out the Question of Being: The Method of the Investigation and Its Outline
5. The Ontological Analysis of Da-sein as the Exposure of the Horizon for an Interpretation of the Meaning of Being in General
6. The Task of a Destructuring of the History of Ontology
7. The Phenomenological Methos of the Investigation
a. The Concept of Phenomenon
b. The Concept of Logos
c. The Preliminary Concept of Phenomenology
8. The Outline of the Treatise
PART ONE
The Interpretation of Da-sein in Terms of Temporality and the Explication of Time as the Transcendental Horizon of the Question of Being
DIVISION ONE: The Preparatory Fundamental Analysis of Da-sein
I. The Exposition of the Task of a Preparatory Analysis of Da-sein
9. The Theme of the Analytic of Da-sein
10. How the Analytic of Da-sein is to be Distinguished from Anthropology, Psychology, and Biology
11. The Existential Analytic and the Interpretation of Primitive Da-sein: The Difficulties in Securing a "Natural Concept of the World"
II. Being-in-the-World in General as the Fundamental Constitution of Da-sein
12. A Preliminary Sketch of Being-in-the-World in Terms of the Orientation toward Being-in as Such
13. The Exemplification of Being-in in a Founded Mode: Knowing the World
III. The Worldliness of the World
14. The Idea of the Worldliness of the World in General
A. Analysis of Environmentality and Worldliness in General
15. The Being of Beings Encountered in the Surrounding World
16. The Worldly Character of the Surrounding World Making Itself Known in Innerworldly Beings
17. Reference and Signs
18. Relevance and Significance: The Worldliness of the World
B. Contrast between Our Analysis of Worldiness and Descartes' Interpretation of the World
19. The Determination of the "World" as Res Extensa
20. The Fundaments of the Ontological Definition of the "World"
21. Hermeneutical Discussion of the Cartesian Ontology of the "World"
C. The Aroundness of the Surrounding World and the Spatiality of Da-sein
22. The Spatiality of Innerworldly Things at Hand
23. The Spatiality of Being-in-the-World
24. The Spatiality of Da-sein and Space
IV. Being-in-the-World as Being-with and Being a Self: The "They"
25. The Approach to the Existential Question of the Who of Da-sein
26. The Mitda-sein of the Others and Everyday Being-with
27. Everyday Being One's Self and the They
V. Being-in as Such
28. The Task of a Thematic Analysis of Being-in
A. The Existential Constitution of the There
29. Da-sein as Attunement
30. Fear as a Mode of Attunement
31. Da-sein as Understanding
32. Understanding and Interpretation
33. Statement as a Derivative Mode of Interpretation
34. Da-sein and Discourse: Language
B. The Everyday Being of the There and the Falling Prey of Da-sein
35. Idle Talk
36. Curiosity
37. Ambiguity
38. Falling Prey and Thrownness
VI. Care as the Being of Da-sein
39. The Question of the Primordial Totality
40. The Fundamental Attunement of the Angst as an Eminent Disclosedness of Da-sein
41. The Being of Da-sein as Care
42. Condirmation of the Existential Interpretation of Da-sein
43. Da-sein, Worldliness, and Reality
a. Reality as a Problem of Being and the Demonstrability of the "External World"
b. Reality as an Ontological Problem
c. Reality and Care
44. Da-sein, Disclosedness, and Truth
a. The Traditional Concept of Truth and Its Ontological Foundations
b. The Primordial Phenomenon of Truth and the Derivative Character of the Traditional Concept of Truth
c. The Kind of Being of Truth and the Presupposition of Truth
DIVISION TWO: Da-sein and Temporality
45. The Result of the Preparatory Fundamental Analysis of Da-sein and the Task of a Primordial, Existential Interpretation of This Being
I. The Possible Being-a-Whole of Da-sein and Being-toward-Death
46. The Seeming Impossibility of Ontologically Grasping and Determining Da-sein as a Whole
47. The Possibility of Experiencing the Death of Others and the Possibility of Grasping Da-sein as a Whole
48. What is Outstanding, End, and Totality
49. How the Existential Analysis of Death Differs from Other Possible Interpretations of This Phenomenon
50. A Preliminary Sketch of the Existential and Ontological Structure of Death
51. Being-toward-Death and the Everydayness of Da-sein
52. Everyday Being-toward-Death and the Complete Existential Concept of Death
53. Existential Project of an Authentic Being-toward-Death
II. The Attestation of Da-sein of an Authentic Potentiality-of-Being, and Resoluteness
54. The Problem of the Attestation of an Authentic Existentiell Possibility
55. The Existential and Ontological Foundations of Conscience
56. The Character of Conscience as a Call
57. Conscience as the Call of Care
58. Understanding the Summons, and Guilt
59. The Existential Interpretation of Conscience and the Vulgar Interpretation of Conscience
60. The Existential Structure of the Authentic Potentiality-of-Being Attested in Conscience
III. The Authentic Potentiality-for-Being-a-Whole of Da-sein, and Temporality as the Ontological Meaning of Care
61. Preliminary Sketch of the Methoodical Step from Outling the Authentic Being-a-Whole of Da-sein to the Phenomenal Exposition of Temporality
62. The Existenielly Authentic Potentiality-for-Being-a-Whole of Da-sein as Anticipatory Resoluteness
63. The Hermeneutical Situation at Which We Have Arrived for Interpreting the Meaning of Being of Care, and the Methodical Character of the Existential Analytic in General
64. Care and Selfhood
65. Temporality as the Ontological Meaning of Care
66. The Temporality of Da-sein and the Tasks Arising from It of a More Primordial Retrieve of the Existential Analysis
IV. Temporality and Everydayness
67. The Basic Content of the Existential Constitution of Da-sein, and the Preliminary Sketch of Its Temporal Interpretation
68. The Temporality of Disclosedness in General
a. The Temporality of Understanding
b. The Temporality of Attunement
c. The Temporality of Falling Prey
d. The Temporality of Discourse
69. The Temporality of Being-in-the-World and the Problem of the Transcendence of the World
a. The Temporality of Circumspect Taking Care
b. The Temporal Meaning of the Way in which Circumspect Taking Care Becomes Modified into the Theoretical Discovery of Things Objectively Present in the World
c. The Temporal Problem of the Transcendence of the World
70. The Temporality of the Spatiality Characteristic of Da-sein
71. The Temporal Meaning of the Everydayness of Da-sein
V. Temporality and Historicity
72. Existential and Ontological Exposition of the Problem of History
73. The Vulgar Understanding of History and the Occurence of Da-sein
74. The Essential Constitution of Historicity
75. The Historicity of Da-sein and World History
76. The Existential Origin of Historiography from Historicity of Da-sein
77. The Connectin of the Foregoing Exposition of the Problem of Historicity with Investigations of Dilthey and the Ideas of Count Yorck
VI. Temporality and Within-Timeness as the Origin of the Vulgar Concept of Time
78. The Incompleteness of the Foregoing Temporal Analysis of Da-sein
79. The Temporality of Da-sein and Taking Care of Time
80. Time Taken Care of and Within-Timeness
81. Within-Timeness and the Genesis of the Vulgar Concept of Time
82. The Contrast of the Existential and Ontological Connection of Temporality, Da-sein, and World Time with Hegel's Interpretation of the Relationship between Time and Spirit
a. Hegel's Concept of Time
b. Hegel's Interpretation of the Connection between Time and Spirit
83. The Existential and Temporal Analytic of Da-sein and the Question of Fundamental Ontology as to the Meaning of Being in General
Notes
Lexicon
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