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Between 1751 and 1784, the Qianlong emperor embarked upon six southern tours, travelling from Beijing to Jiangnan and back. These tours were exercises in political theatre that took the Manchu emperor through one of the Qing empire's most prosperous regions. This study elucidates the tensions and the constant negotiations characterising the relationship between the imperial centre and Jiangnan, which straddled the two key provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Politically, economically and culturally, Jiangnan was the undisputed centre of the Han Chinese world; it also remained a bastion of Ming loyalism and anti-Manchu sentiment. How did the Qing court constitute its authority and legitimate its domination over this pivotal region? What were the precise terms and historical dynamics of Qing rule over China proper during the long 18th Century? In the course of addressing such questions, this study also explores the political culture within and through which High Qing rule was constituted and contested by a range of actors, all of whom operated within socially and historically structured contexts. The author argues that the southern tours occupied a central place in the historical formation of Qing rule during a period of momentous change affecting all strata of the 18th-Century polity.

張勉治（Michael G.Chang），美國喬治梅森大學曆史與藝術史係副教授。加州大學聖迭哥分校曆史學博士，師從周锡瑞、高彥頤等中國史研究名傢。主要研究領域為16至19世紀中國的政治、社會、文化和經濟，目前主要關注盛清時期的政治文化和物質文化。

Tables & Figures
Abbreviations
Note on Transcription & Dating Conventions
Introduction
Patrimonial-Bureaucratic Empire: A Model for Premodern
State-Formation
Ethnically (Ideologically) Imbued Patrimonialism
Lineages of the Qing Ethno-Dynastic State
Imperial Touring & the Historical Formation of Qing Rule
1 Historical Precedents & the Multivalance of Imperial Touring
Touring, Hunting, & Warfare in Antiquity
The "Civil-ization" of Touring During the Warring States Period
Touring as a Point of Monarchical-Bureaucratic Tension
Imperial Bureaucracy & the Denigration of Touring
Imperial Confederacy & the Persistence of Seasonal Sojourning
Imperial Touring in the Ming
Conclusion
2 "Following Ancestors": The Ethno-Dynastic Imperative of Imperial Touring, 1680s & 1740s
Remonstrance & Response, 1: Kangxi's First Imperial Tour, 1668-1671
Kangxi's Revival of Imperial Touring, 1680s: A Classical Model?
Qianlong's Revival of Imperial Touring, 1740s, A Family Romance?
Remonstrance & Response, II: A Han Censor's Protest, December 1758
Qianlong's Commentary of Toghon Temur, 1767: The Echoes of History
Conclusion
3 Putting a Court on Horseback: The Logistics & Politics of a Moving Court
The Imperial Entourage & the Tour Route
Directing the Imperial Encampment: A Bannerman's Affair
Encampments as an Emblem of Martial Prowess
Mobilizing the Provinces on a Military Scale
Managing Popular Perceptions of the Southern Tours
Conclusion
4 The Perils of Peace & the Politics of Empire: Wars, Tours, & Military Readiness
Qianlong's Valorization of Martial Values, 1785
Fears of Banner Decline, 1670s-1730s
The Early Qianlong Military Crisis, 1730s-1740s
Imperial Tours as a Manchu-Martial Habitus
A Crisis of Leadership & the Persistence of Banner Decline, 1750s
The Southern Tours & the Dzungar Problem, 1750s
Empire & Martial Triumphalism on the Southern Tours, 1762
Conclusion
5 "Returning to Purity & Simplicity": The Southern Tours & Intra-Elite Competition in an Age of Commercialization
Cultivating Commercial Wealth
The Imperial Discourse on Curbing Extravagance
Literati Anxiety & the Appropriation of Imperial Discourse
Conclusion
6 The Southern Tours as Cultural Encompassment: The Valorization of Verse & Accommodation of Han Learning
Special Recruitment Examinations: An Overview
Courting Elites via the Valorization of Poetry & Painting
Shen Deqian as a Cultural Broker in Suzhou
Suzhou's Ziyang Academy & the Accommodation of Han Learning
The Ambiguities of Accommondation
Conclusion
7 The Poetics & Politics of Qianlong's Encounter with Jiangnan
The Prospect of Pleasure: Imperial Ambivalence
A Tension Within Elite Culture: The Eighteenth-Century Denigration of a "Lyric Vision"
Reading Qianlong's Southern Tour Poetry
Firse Engagements: Defining "the Meaning of Jiangnan" in Jiangbei
Encountering Jinshan, II: Mediating & Framing the Lyric Vision of a Moonlit River
The Deepening Encounter: Declarations of Diligence as a Repudiation of Pleasure
A Legitimating Discourse: " Observing the People" from Horseback
Conclusion
8 Popular Perceptions & the Primacy of Ethno-Dynastic Politics, 1765-1785
Revisiting Qianlong's Hydraulic Thesis
The Primacy of Politics, 1770
The Erosion of Ethno-Dynastic Legitimacy, 1765-1678
An Ethno-Dynastic Response: The Resurgence of Imperial Touring, 1780-1785
Conclusion
Epilogue: Imperial Touring at the Last, 1800-1820
Ethnicity & the Historical Dynamic of Qing Rule
Appendixes
A A Note on Provincial Preparations for Qianlong's Southern Tours
B An Estimate of the Overall Costs for Qianlong's Southern Tours
C Southern Tour Recruitment Examinations: A Quantitative Analysis
Reference Matter
Works Cited
Chinese Character List
Index
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