James C. Scott is the Eugene Meyer Professor of Political Science and Anthropology at Yale University and current president of the Association of Asian Studies. He is the author of Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts, and The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia, all published by Yale University Press.
Compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania, collectivization in Russia, Le Corbusier's urban planning theory realized in Brasilia, the Great Leap Forward in China, agricultural "modernization" in the Tropics -- the twentieth century has been racked by grand utopian schemes that have inadvertently brought death and disruption to millions. Why do well-intentioned plans for improving the human condition go tragically awry? In this wide-ranging and original book, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. Centrally managed social plans misfire, Scott argues, when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are not -- and cannot -- be fully understood. Further, the success of designs for social organization depends upon the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against "development theory" and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. He identifies and discusses four conditions common to all planning disasters: administrative ordering of nature and society by the state; a "high-modernist ideology" that places confidence in the ability of science to improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large-scale interventions; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans. "A broad-ranging, theoretically important, and empirically grounded treatment of the modern state and its propensity to simplify and make legible a society which by nature is complex and opaque. For anyone interested inlearning about this fundamental tension of modernity and about the destruction wrought in the twentieth century as a consequence of the dominant development ideology of the simplifying state, this is a must-read". -- Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, author of Hitler's Willing Executioners
一本厚书,除非专门研究者,否则很难读完。导言基本涵盖了文章内容,但行文和翻译比较绕口。我就按照中国读者习惯的方式,对导言进行了再次压缩,有引用原文的,有按照我自己的理解重新编写过的,应该没有改变原意。 这是一个知识上的迂回旅行,我本来要去一个地方,结果顺着...
評分【摘要】斯科特在《国家的视角》中呈现了现代科学与理性主义哲学所构成的“现代知识”与不断强化自身权力的“现代国家”的共谋促成了“极端现代主义”计划的制订与实施。然而,简单化和清晰化的“国家的视角”无法真正认清社会的本来面目,从而导致计划的最终失败。此外,“极...
評分“我在头脑里建造一座样板城市,可以按照她来演变出所有可能的城市来,”忽必烈说,“她包含一切符合常规的东西。鉴于现有的城市都或多或少偏离常规,我就只须预先料想到常规的种种例外,便能计算出它们最可能的组合形式来。” ...
評分上路前,抓了几本书,其中就有这本。在火车上看完这本书后,收获很大,感想也很多。我不知道从应该如何来与大家一起分享读后感。这本书内容丰富,资料详实,证据充分,分析深入,有理有据,观点中肯,很多分析判断让人信服,应该说是一本好书,可是在这本书有让我对有的东西有...
評分先从从林业、赋税、土地制度、度量衡、姓氏、城市规划、革命、集体农业的具体案例谈大型规划中的极端现代主义,然后回到认识论谈地方性知识/实践知识。 如书名所说,确实是“国家的视角”,主要从剖析规划者为什么以及如何执迷于清晰化和规整化,但Scott其实也有讲不少来自“规...
具體知識很重要,實踐很重要,改造社會不能僅靠專業知識繪製藍圖,好,這些我都知道瞭,但科層化理性化都是現代社會大勢所趨,好的研究應該把這個“大勢”在社會中造成的影響以及社會對這個影響的迴饋之間的互動關係給寫齣來,作者也承認現代化種種給人們帶來的好處,可是分析具體問題的時候就一邊倒瞭。中國的社會主義實踐到瞭今天還在各個層麵上影響著我們這個社會運行的邏輯,好的、壞的,這書的那種解釋框架顯然失之淺薄瞭。還有,我不認為哲學和數學這樣的抽象知識的推廣就必然以犧牲實踐理性為代價。這兩者在很多層麵是可以兼容的。我是寫民族誌的,喜歡強調實踐理性和“民智”,但我同時認為更為抽象的理論知識幫助我們從“理”和根本的原則來想問題,而不是退化成“情境”和“條件”。我覺得作者從一個極端走嚮瞭另一個極端。
评分具體知識很重要,實踐很重要,改造社會不能僅靠專業知識繪製藍圖,好,這些我都知道瞭,但科層化理性化都是現代社會大勢所趨,好的研究應該把這個“大勢”在社會中造成的影響以及社會對這個影響的迴饋之間的互動關係給寫齣來,作者也承認現代化種種給人們帶來的好處,可是分析具體問題的時候就一邊倒瞭。中國的社會主義實踐到瞭今天還在各個層麵上影響著我們這個社會運行的邏輯,好的、壞的,這書的那種解釋框架顯然失之淺薄瞭。還有,我不認為哲學和數學這樣的抽象知識的推廣就必然以犧牲實踐理性為代價。這兩者在很多層麵是可以兼容的。我是寫民族誌的,喜歡強調實踐理性和“民智”,但我同時認為更為抽象的理論知識幫助我們從“理”和根本的原則來想問題,而不是退化成“情境”和“條件”。我覺得作者從一個極端走嚮瞭另一個極端。
评分high-modernism, metis knowledge, on planning, conditions when mass-scale planning is possible. thin and thick city/plant.
评分很多examples和metaphors,語句也算優美,如果不那麼話嘮就完美瞭
评分哎 太長瞭 趕什麼一樣終於大概擼瞭一遍。。。總得來說 邏輯簡單粗暴又隨意 方法論有點問題 瞄到豆瓣簡評我就震驚瞭。。。 究竟我們讀的是同一本麼!anarchist你個頭啦 人傢哪裏anarchist瞭。。。
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