Successor to Claude Levi-Strauss at the College de France, Philippe Descola has become one of the most important anthropologists working today, and Beyond Nature and Culture has been a major influence in European intellectual life since its French publication in 2005. Here, finally, it is brought to English-language readers. At its heart is a question central to both anthropology and philosophy: what is the relationship between nature and culture? Culture - as a collective human making, of art, language, and so forth - is often seen as essentially different than nature, which is portrayed as a collective of the nonhuman world, of plants, animals, geology, and natural forces. Descola shows this essential difference to be, however, not only a specifically Western notion, but also a very recent one. Drawing on ethnographic examples from around the world and theoretical understandings from cognitive science, structural analysis, and phenomenology, he formulates a sophisticated new framework, the "four ontologies" - animism, totemism, naturalism, and analogism - to account for all the ways we relate ourselves to nature. By thinking beyond nature and culture as a simple dichotomy, Descola offers nothing short of a fundamental reformulation by which anthropologists and philosophers can see the world afresh.
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把這本算作本體論轉嚮的代錶作是有誤導性的，其本質是對ontology的研究，而真正的本體論轉嚮，要義是ontologically做研究。但不得不說本書在將西方式本體論相對化這個任務上做齣的成果是極其重要的，個人不太喜歡，但不得不承認其創造性。
评分難以評分。雖然本意想要超越自然和文化的二分，但是四種identification的分類仍然是基於心理和身體的二分的，並沒有真正避開他想避開的東西。另外，他把現存的不同社會仍然以一種偏綫性的方式排列，也從側麵錶明瞭結構主義在如何解釋曆史這個問題上的無力。
评分雖然很易被說服，但並非無懈可擊。
评分對自然與文化的區別本身也是文化性的，而且對某些社會來說其實毫無意義。
评分難以評分。雖然本意想要超越自然和文化的二分，但是四種identification的分類仍然是基於心理和身體的二分的，並沒有真正避開他想避開的東西。另外，他把現存的不同社會仍然以一種偏綫性的方式排列，也從側麵錶明瞭結構主義在如何解釋曆史這個問題上的無力。
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