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出版者:John Benjamins Publishing Company

作者:Edited by Carl Friedrich Graumann and Werner Kallmeyer

出品人:

页数:401

译者:

出版时间:2002

价格:EUR 125.00

装帧:

isbn号码:9789027223616

丛书系列:

图书标签:

• 认知语言学
• Perspective
• Discourse，
• 论文集
• linguistic
• in
• and
• Perspectivation
• discourse analysis
• perspective
• verbals
• semantics
• cognition
• language use
• text interpretation
• meaning making
• pragmatic
• discourse structure

《窥视与建构：论述中的视点与视角呈现》 在这本深入的学术著作中，我们旨在解构语言表述的复杂性，特别关注“视点”（perspective）与“视角呈现”（perspectivation）在论述构建中所扮演的核心角色。本书并非关于书籍本身的内容罗列，而是对语言如何塑造我们对现实的理解，以及说话者或写作者如何通过精妙的语言选择来引导受众的认知视角进行一次详尽的探讨。 我们首先从“视点”的理论基石出发，追溯其在认知科学、心理学、语言学以及文学批评等多个领域的研究脉络。视点并非仅仅是观察的物理位置，更是一种深层次的认知框架，它决定了一个个体如何感知、理解和评价周围的世界。从笛卡尔的“我思故我在”确立主体性，到后来的符号互动论强调经验的主观建构，再到认知语言学对隐喻和框架理论的应用，我们看到视点一直是理解人类认知活动不可或缺的一环。本书将梳理这些跨学科的理论遗产，为后续的论述分析奠定坚实的理论基础。 在此基础上，本书的核心在于深入剖析“视角呈现”——即说话者或写作者如何主动地、有意地在论述中构建和传达特定的视点。这涉及一系列语言工具和策略，包括但不限于： 词汇选择与语义框架： 词语的褒贬色彩、引申义、比喻用法，以及特定术语的采用，都能有效地引导读者倾向于某一特定观点。例如，将冲突描述为“抵抗”而非“叛乱”，或者将经济政策称为“增长引擎”而非“财富再分配”，会立刻在听者心中构建起截然不同的认知图景。本书将通过大量实例，展示词汇如何成为构建视点的关键载体。 句法结构与信息组织： 句子的主动语态与被动语态、信息的先后顺序、焦点化机制（如以…为例、重点在于…），以及句子之间的连接方式（如因果、并列、转折），都深刻影响着信息的呈现方式和受众的理解侧重。我们考察句子结构如何决定哪些元素被突出，哪些被弱化，从而在无形中导向特定的视角。 修辞手法与情感唤起： 隐喻、类比、拟人、夸张、反讽等修辞手段，不仅能丰富语言的表现力，更能深层地影响读者的情感共鸣和价值判断。它们能够将抽象的概念具象化，将复杂的事件简化，从而在情感层面建立起与特定视点的连接，使之更具说服力和感染力。 叙事策略与视角控制： 在叙事性文本中，叙述者的身份（第一人称、第三人称）、叙述的焦点（全知、有限视角）、以及叙述的时间（顺叙、倒叙）都直接塑造了读者的感知。本书将探讨叙述者如何通过这些技巧来操纵读者的同情对象、评价标准以及对事件因果链的理解。 话语标记与元认知指示： “我认为”、“在我看来”、“毋庸置疑的是”、“重要的是”等话语标记，虽然看似微不足道，却是在论述中明确标示说话者主观立场和判断的重要工具。它们直接向读者发出信号，表明此处正在进行视点构建，并提示读者应如何理解接下来的内容。 本书并非孤立地分析语言现象，而是将这些微观的语言特征置于更广阔的论述和社会互动框架中进行考察。我们将探讨不同类型的论述（如政治演讲、新闻报道、学术论文、广告宣传、日常对话）中，视角呈现的策略如何因目标受众、交际目的和语境的差异而发生变化。例如，在政治宣传中，视角呈现往往服务于说服和动员，倾向于简化问题、强化情感连接；而在学术研究中，视角呈现则更注重严谨的逻辑、证据的支持和观点的审慎表达。 此外，本书还关注视角呈现的潜在影响和伦理问题。当特定的视点通过语言被反复强调和构建时，它可能无形中塑造公众舆论，影响社会价值观，甚至固化偏见。理解视角呈现的机制，有助于我们更清醒地认识语言的权力，提升批判性思维能力，抵制不当的操纵。 总而言之，《窥视与建构：论述中的视点与视角呈现》提供了一个关于语言如何被用来构建和传播视点的全面框架。通过对大量语料的细致分析，本书揭示了视点在论述中的普遍性和关键性，以及视角呈现策略的多样性和复杂性。它旨在为语言学家、传播学者、文学批评家以及任何对语言如何塑造我们认知和互动方式感兴趣的读者，提供一个深刻且富有启发性的视角。本书将带领读者深入语言的内在运作机制，理解那些看似寻常的词语和句子背后，是如何悄无声息地构建起我们对世界的认知与理解。

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The very title, "Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse," resonates with a deep intellectual curiosity I've harbored for quite some time. I've always been fascinated by the subtle ways in which language can shape our understanding of reality, and how the framing of information, the intentional adoption of specific viewpoints, can profoundly influence how we perceive events, people, and ideas. This book, I suspect, promises to be a rigorous exploration of this very phenomenon. The distinction between "perspective" – the static viewpoint itself – and "perspectivation" – the dynamic process of actively constructing and projecting that viewpoint – is particularly intriguing. It suggests a move beyond simply identifying a speaker's stance, towards understanding the mechanisms by which that stance is linguistically enacted and communicated. I envision the book delving into how, through careful lexical choices, syntactic structures, and narrative organization, speakers and writers guide their audiences towards specific interpretations. For instance, consider the difference between a news report describing refugees as a "flood" versus an "influx." The former evokes a sense of overwhelming crisis, while the latter is more neutral. This book, I hope, will dissect such linguistic strategies, revealing the underlying cognitive and social motivations. Furthermore, the inclusion of "discourse" implies that this analysis will not be confined to isolated utterances but will examine how perspectivation operates within broader communicative contexts, including negotiations, debates, and the construction of shared understandings. I am eager to learn how this book will equip me with the analytical tools to deconstruct the subtle artistry of persuasion and to become a more critical and discerning consumer of information, capable of recognizing the invisible forces that shape our perception. It feels like an invitation to a more profound engagement with the very fabric of human communication.

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拿到《Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse》这本书，我脑子里立刻跳出了无数个关于“视角”的碎片化想法，而这个标题，仿佛就是将这些杂乱无章的碎片，凝聚成了一束清晰而强大的光束。我一直在思考，我们之所以能理解世界，并不仅仅是因为我们看到了事实，更因为我们用特定的“眼睛”去观察这些事实。这本书，我猜想，就是关于如何训练我们这双“眼睛”的。它会不会探讨，在文学作品中，作者是如何通过人物的叙事视角，来引导读者产生同情、厌恶，或是好奇？比如，同一段情节，如果从一个受害者的视角讲述，和从一个旁观者的视角讲述，其给读者的感受会截然不同。而“perspectivation”这个词，更是引发了我极大的好奇。它听起来不像“perspective”（视角）那样简单，而是带有某种“过程”或“动作”的含义。这本书会不会深入剖析，我们是如何主动地、有意识地，甚至无意识地，将某种视角“植入”到我们的语言中，从而影响接收者的认知？我想象中的这本书，大概会像一个精密的显微镜，将我们日常交流中那些不易察觉的细微之处，放大到极致，让我们看到语言的肌理，看到视角如何像一层层滤镜，塑造着我们对现实的感知。我特别期待它能解释，为什么同样的事实，在不同的表达者那里，会呈现出截然不同的面貌。这其中涉及到的认知偏差、心理定势，以及语言的策略性运用，都将是我想深入了解的。这本书，对我来说，不只是关于语言学，更是关于如何理解人心，理解沟通的深层机制。

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《Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse》这个书名，就如同一个精心设计的谜语，引诱着我想要去揭开它神秘的面纱。我一直对人类交流中的“立场”和“角度”议题深感着迷，而这个标题，恰恰点出了核心。我感觉这本书不会止步于简单地定义“视角”，它更像是要带领我们去体验“视角是如何被构建”的过程。想象一下，在社会新闻的报道中，同一个事件，可能会出现截然不同的描述，有的强调受害者的苦难，有的聚焦于事件的社会影响，而有的则可能更侧重于当事人的辩解。这背后，无疑是视角在起作用。而“perspectivation”，这个词，它在我脑海中勾勒出的画面，是一种主动的、有目的的“视角化”过程，是一种将事物按照某种预设的视角进行“呈现”的艺术。这本书，我期待它能为我提供一套理论工具，让我能够剖析新闻报道、政治演讲，甚至日常对话中，那些隐藏的视角操控。它是否会探讨，当我们选择使用“我方”和“对方”这样的称谓时，就已经在潜移默化中建立了一种视角？或者，当我们在描述一个决策时，选择强调其积极的方面，而忽略其潜在的负面影响，这又是一种怎样的视角化策略？我希望这本书能够深入浅出地解释这些复杂的语言现象，帮助我理解，语言不仅仅是传递信息的载体，更是塑造观点、影响情感的强大力量。对于那些希望提升沟通效率、洞察话语玄机的人来说，这本书无疑将是一笔宝贵的财富。

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The title, "Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse," speaks directly to a long-standing fascination of mine: the intricate relationship between language, cognition, and social reality. I've always been struck by how the same set of facts can be presented in radically different ways, leading to vastly different understandings. This book, I suspect, will delve into the very core of this phenomenon. The distinction between "perspective" and the active process of "perspectivation" is particularly compelling. It suggests that language is not just a mirror reflecting pre-existing viewpoints, but a powerful tool for actively *constructing* and *projecting* those viewpoints. I envision the book exploring how linguistic choices – from the framing of an issue to the attribution of agency – serve to guide the audience's interpretation. For instance, the way a political debate is reported, focusing on the clashes rather than the policy substance, is a prime example of perspectivation. I am eager to understand if the book will analyze how different cultural contexts might shape the preferred modes of perspectivation, and how these manifest in various forms of discourse. The inclusion of "discourse" suggests a broader scope, encompassing not just individual utterances but the complex interplay of perspectives within conversations, debates, and even entire cultural narratives. This book, I believe, will offer invaluable insights into the subtle yet profound ways in which language shapes our perceptions and influences our understanding of the world.

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"Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse" is a title that promises a deep dive into the very mechanics of how we understand and convey meaning. My own professional and personal life has been profoundly shaped by an awareness of how the lens through which we view things dictates our actions and interpretations. This book, I am confident, will provide a rigorous, scholarly examination of this crucial aspect of human interaction. I am particularly drawn to the concept of "perspectivation," which suggests a conscious or subconscious effort to imbue language with a particular viewpoint. It implies a level of strategic communication that goes beyond mere information transfer. I imagine the book will explore how, through the subtle nuances of language – the selection of metaphors, the arrangement of evidence, the very tone employed – speakers craft a specific reality for their audience. Consider, for example, how different historical accounts of the same event can lead to wildly divergent conclusions. This, I believe, is the essence of perspectivation at play. The term "discourse" is key, indicating that the analysis will not be limited to isolated instances of language but will encompass the broader, dynamic flow of communication. I am eager to learn how this book will illuminate the ways in which perspectives are negotiated and contested in public spheres, and how these linguistic maneuvers shape societal narratives and influence public opinion. For anyone seeking to gain a more sophisticated understanding of the power of language, this book appears to be an indispensable guide.

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这本书的书名，"Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse"，光是听起来就有一种难以言喻的学术深度，仿佛打开了一扇通往语言奥秘的隐秘之门。我一直对语言是如何塑造我们理解世界的方式，以及话语中那些微妙的立场和视角是如何被构建和传达的，抱有浓厚的兴趣。这本书，我预感，将是解答我这些困惑的绝佳指南。想象一下，当我们阅读一篇文章，或听一场演讲，我们并非被动地接收信息，而是积极地参与到信息被“呈现”的过程之中。作者似乎正在深入探讨的，正是这个“呈现”的艺术，以及隐藏在其中的“视角”的力量。这本书的标题暗示了一种动态的、过程性的视角建构，而非仅仅是静态的立场。这让我联想到，在日常交流中，我们是如何通过选择特定的词语、句子结构，甚至叙事顺序，来引导听者或读者的思考方向。例如，一位记者在报道同一事件时，选择“示威者”还是“暴徒”，其背后的视角导向就显而易见。这本书会不会揭示这些看似微小的语言选择背后，所蕴含的宏大心理学和认知学原理？我迫切地希望能够了解，语言学家是如何系统化地分析这些“视角化”的过程，并将其归纳为可供学习和借鉴的理论框架。更何况，标题中的“discourse”一词，意味着它并非仅限于孤立的句子分析，而是将视角的研究置于更广阔的语境中，探讨在真实的交流互动中，视角是如何被协商、对抗、或强化。这对于理解社会新闻、政治辩论，甚至人际关系中的误解与沟通，都将具有极其重要的启示意义。我期待着它能够为我提供一套全新的分析工具，让我能够更敏锐地洞察话语背后的意图，更深刻地理解不同观点形成的根源，并最终，更有效地进行自我表达，避免不必要的误解。这本书，在我心中，已经不仅仅是一本书，更像是一份探索人类认知和沟通本质的邀请函。

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"Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse" – the title itself conjures up images of intricate mental maps and the delicate art of guiding perception. My own journey through understanding human interaction has often been sidetracked by the question of *how* people come to hold certain beliefs, and the pervasive influence of the lens through which they view the world. This book, I anticipate, will be a profound dive into that very mechanism. It’s not just about *what* perspective someone holds, but *how* that perspective is woven into the very fabric of their communication. Think about the subtle shifts in tone, the deliberate emphasis on certain details, the strategic omission of others – these are the building blocks of what I imagine "perspectivation" to be. I picture this book as an intellectual detective's guide, equipping readers with the skills to unpick the layers of meaning in any given discourse. It might explore how a political speech uses loaded language to demonize an opponent, or how a fictional narrator’s subjective experiences colour the reader's empathy. The term "discourse" is crucial here, suggesting that this isn't just about isolated words or sentences, but about how perspectives interact, clash, and coalesce within extended conversations and texts. I am particularly keen to understand if the book will offer insights into how different cultural backgrounds might shape fundamental perspectives and, consequently, the ways in which those perspectives are expressed. This is more than just an academic treatise for me; it feels like a key to unlocking a deeper understanding of human cognition, societal narratives, and the very essence of what it means to communicate effectively and authentically. The promise of gaining a more nuanced appreciation for the subtle power of language in shaping our shared realities is incredibly compelling.

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As soon as I saw the title, "Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse," a spark ignited within me. I've always been captivated by the way individuals, and groups, interpret and present information, and how these interpretations can diverge so dramatically. This book, I believe, will offer a structured approach to understanding this fascinating complexity. The distinction between "perspective" and the more active "perspectivation" is particularly appealing. It suggests that language isn't merely a passive reflection of a viewpoint, but rather an active tool used to *construct* and *project* that viewpoint. I imagine this book will dissect how, through the careful selection of words, the arrangement of ideas, and even the tone of delivery, communicators steer their audience’s understanding. Consider the difference between a historical account that emphasizes conquest and one that highlights cultural exchange. The underlying perspective is clear, but the *perspectivation* – the way it's told – is what truly shapes the reader's perception. I am eager to learn if the book will explore how different genres of discourse, from academic papers to casual conversations, employ distinct perspectivation strategies. Will it delve into the psychological underpinnings of why we favor certain perspectives and how those preferences are then embedded in our language? The notion of "discourse" implies that this exploration will extend beyond individual utterances to encompass the dynamic interplay of viewpoints within larger communicative exchanges, and I am particularly interested in how this plays out in public forums and debates. This book promises to be an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to understand the subtle yet powerful ways in which language shapes our collective and individual realities, and I am eager to delve into its depths.

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From the moment I encountered the title "Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse," I felt an immediate intellectual pull. I have always been captivated by the idea that our understanding of the world is not a direct apprehension of reality, but rather a construction mediated by language and shaped by individual and collective viewpoints. This book, I anticipate, will provide a sophisticated framework for exploring this intricate relationship. The term "perspectivation" is particularly intriguing, hinting at the dynamic and often strategic ways in which speakers and writers actively shape their audience's perception. I imagine the book will dissect how specific linguistic choices – the use of particular vocabulary, the structuring of sentences, the rhetorical devices employed – all contribute to the construction of a particular lens through which the discourse is to be understood. For example, consider the subtle difference between describing a group as "innovators" versus "disruptors"; the underlying perspective might be similar, but the perspectivation imbues it with vastly different connotations. The inclusion of "discourse" implies that this analysis will extend beyond isolated statements to examine how perspectives are negotiated, challenged, and reinforced within broader communicative contexts, such as public debates or media narratives. I am eager to discover how this book will equip me with the tools to critically analyze the underlying assumptions and intentions behind any given communication, ultimately leading to a more nuanced and informed engagement with the world around me.

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The title "Perspective and Perspectivation in Discourse" immediately piqued my interest. I've always been intrigued by the subtle art of communication, particularly how speakers and writers intentionally shape the way their audience perceives information. This book, I anticipate, will offer a comprehensive framework for understanding this phenomenon. The word "perspectivation" itself suggests a dynamic, active process of constructing and conveying a viewpoint, which is far more engaging than simply acknowledging a static perspective. I envision this book exploring how the strategic use of language – from the choice of adjectives to the framing of arguments – guides the reader's or listener's interpretation. For instance, in a news report, the decision to focus on the economic benefits of a policy versus its social drawbacks is a clear example of perspectivation. I am particularly interested in how this concept applies to different forms of discourse, be it persuasive advertising, political rhetoric, or even everyday storytelling. Does the book examine how cultural norms influence the way perspectives are presented? And how do we, as recipients of discourse, unconsciously adopt these perspectivated viewpoints? The inclusion of "discourse" suggests that the analysis will consider the broader context of communication, exploring how perspectives are negotiated, challenged, and reinforced in real-world interactions. This book, I believe, holds the key to unlocking a deeper understanding of how language shapes our realities and influences our decisions, and I am eager to embark on this intellectual journey.

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