1421 pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

On 8 March 1421, the largest fleet the world had ever seen set sail from China. The ships, some nearly five hundred feet long, were under the command of Emperor Zhu Di’s loyal eunuch admirals. Their mission was ‘to proceed all the way to the end of the earth to collect tribute from the barbarians beyond the seas’ and unite the world in Confucian harmony. Their journey would last for over two years and take them around the globe but by the time they returned home, China was beginning its long, self-imposed isolation from the world it had so recently embraced. And so the great ships were left to rot and the records of their journey were destroyed. And with them, the knowledge that the Chinese had circumnavigated the globe a century before Magellan, reached America seventy years before Columbus, and Australia three hundred and fifty years before Cook... The result of fifteen years research, 1421 is Gavin Menzies' enthralling account of the voyage of the Chinese fleet, the remarkable discoveries he made and the persuasive evidence to support them: ancient maps, precise navigational knowledge, astronomy and the surviving accounts of Chinese explorers and the later European navigators as well as the traces the fleet left behind - from sunken junks to the votive offerings left by the Chinese sailors wherever they landed, giving thanks to Shao Lin, goddess of the sea. Already hailed as a classic, this is the story of an extraordinary journey of discovery that not only radically alters our understanding of world exploration but also rewrites history itself.

加文·孟席斯，英国皇家海军退伍军官。1937年生于中国，两年后因第二次世界大战爆发始离开。1953年加入英国皇家海军，1957年在“钻石”号驱逐舰上服役于地中海海域。1959年，在“纽芬兰”号上担任航海指挥官，服役于远东海域。1960年调到“决心”号战略导弹核潜艇，任作战官。1968年担任“鳁鲸”号潜艇艇长，被授予海军中校，执行全球航行访问任务。在皇家海军的服役期间，他曾率舰沿着世界上伟大的航海家哥伦布、迪亚斯、卡布拉尔和达·伽马的航线行遍世界。退伍之后，他曾多次走访中国与亚洲各国，专注于中国明代郑和航海的调查与研究。

加文·孟席斯先生已婚，有二女，现寓居于伦敦北部。