圖書標籤: Foucault 哲學 Philosophy 福柯 社會學 曆史 History 瘋癲與文明
发表于2024-12-25
Madness and Civilization pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
This was Michel Foucault's first major book, written while he was the Director of the Maison de France in Sweden. It examines ideas, practices, institutions, art and literature relating to madness in Western history.
Foucault begins his history in the Middle Ages, noting the social and physical exclusion of lepers. He argues that with the gradual disappearance of leprosy, madness came to occupy this excluded position. The ship of fools in the 15th century is a literary version of one such exclusionary practice, the practice of sending mad people away in ships. However, during the Renaissance, madness was regarded as an all-abundant phenomena because humans could not come close to the Reason of God. As Cervantes' Don Quixote, all humans are ridiculous weak to desires and dissimulation. Therefore, the insane, understood as one who has come too close to God's Reason, was accepted in the middle of society. It is not before the 17th century, in a movement which Foucault famously describes as the Great Confinement, that "unreasonable" members of the population systematically were locked away and institutionalised. In the 18th century, madness came to be seen as the obverse of Reason, that is, as having lost what made them human and become animal-like and therefore treated as such. It is not before 19th century that madness became mental illness that should be cured, e.g. Freud. Later it was demonstrated that the large increase in confinement did not happen in 17th but in the 19th century, somewhat undermining his argument.
Foucault also argues that madness during Renaissance had the power to signify the limits of social order and to point to a deeper truth. This was silenced by the Reason of Enlightenment. He also examines the rise of modern scientific and "humanitarian" treatments of the insane, notably at the hands of Philippe Pinel and Samuel Tuke. He claims that these modern treatments were in fact no less controlling than previous methods. Tuke's country retreat for the mad consisted of punishing the madmen until they gave up their commitment to madness. Similarly, Pinel's treatment of the mad amounted to an extended aversion therapy, including such treatments as freezing showers and use of a straitjacket. In Foucault's view, this treatment amounted to repeated brutality until the pattern of judgment and punishment was internalized by the patient.
米歇爾・福柯,20世紀極富挑戰性和反叛性的法國思想傢。青年時期就學於巴黎高等師範學校,以後曾擔任多所大學的教職。1970年起任法蘭西學院思想係統史教授,直至逝世。 福柯振奮多多數研究緻力於考察具體的曆史,由此開掘齣眾多富有衝擊力的思想主題,從而激烈地批判現代理性話語;同時,福柯的行文風格具有鮮明的文學色彩,講究修辭,飽含激情,這也是他在歐美世界産生巨大影響的一個重要原因。
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評分flipped through...
評分剛讀起來吃力但好在內容有趣後來又不巧著瞭他的邪道就乾柴烈火欲罷不能的一篇一篇看完瞭。正好在論文前期準備和劇本改稿便秘這段心裏經期開始瞭福柯。那種熱血激情的澎湃那種一句話不用上十萬八韆個從句決不罷休畫上句號的倔勁兒都是他的可愛之處。內容上又能以史為鑒看似說瘋論癲實則含沙射影當下所謂文明社會。一邊是海水。深度思考。一麵是火焰。激昂文字。所以被深深吸引大概也是情有可原。
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評分對照中譯本,嗬嗬
《疯癫与文明》是福柯在巴黎高师的第一篇博士论文。作为一个常年来又搞基又SM又喜欢尝试濒死体验的人,他对“疯癫”二字似乎非常有发言权。——据说在他生前的很多时候,都是在夜晚里磕了药,看着夜空中的漫天星斗如流星般乱舞坠落,然后提笔写下了他很多著名的哲学。 这是一...
評分 評分《疯癫与文明》是福柯在巴黎高师的第一篇博士论文。作为一个常年来又搞基又SM又喜欢尝试濒死体验的人,他对“疯癫”二字似乎非常有发言权。——据说在他生前的很多时候,都是在夜晚里磕了药,看着夜空中的漫天星斗如流星般乱舞坠落,然后提笔写下了他很多著名的哲学。 这是一...
評分Madness and Civilization pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024