具体描述
《普通语言学概论》内容简介：Linguistics is a wide-ranging discipline. Within its compass lie topics and questions far apart from each other, but all. nonetheless. relevant to our understanding of the nature, structure, use and history of human language. this new. fourth edition of General Linguistics draws these strands together into a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the subject. The book considers; semantics and pragmatics dialect and style phonetics and phonology morphology and syntax, with reference both to traditional and to current theories comparative-historical linguistics and linguistic typology linguistics' relation to other disciplines the practical applications of linguistics the 2.500 years of linguistic thought that lies behind what we do and think today .
The fourth edition of this respected textbook has been fully revised and updated. It introduces readers to important current and new developments, theories and insights. but always within the context of the basic body of subjects traditionally included in the comprehension of general linguistics. Aided by a thorough bibiography. this book will prove essential reading for all students embarking on linguistics courses at any level.
当代国外语言学与应用语言学文库
作者简介
目录信息
王宗炎序
导读
Preface to first edition
Preface to second edition
Preface to third edition
Preface to fourtb edition
System of reference
Transcriptions and abbreviations
General linguistics: the scope of the subject
1.1 General linguistics as the study of language
1.1.1 Languages and languages
1.1.2 Descriptive, historical, and comparative linguistics
1.1.3 The term 'philology'
1.2 Linguistics as a science
1.2.1 Implications of the term 'science'
1.2.2 Practical applications
1.3 The range of general linguistics
1.3.1 Levels of analysis
1.3.2 Language and communication
1.3.3 Phonetics, phonology, grammar, semantics
1.4 Semantics
1.4.1 Philosophical and linguistic interest in meaning
1.4.2 Word meaning
1.4.3 Sentence meaning
1.4.4 Extralinguistic context
1.4.5 Translation
General bibliography
Bibliography for Chapter Ⅰ
Notes to Chapter Ⅰ
2 Theoretical and methodological considerations
2.1 Abstractions
2.1.1 The status of linguistic abstractions
2.1.2 Structural linguistics: syntagmatic and
paradigmatic relations
2.2 Dialect, idiolect, style
2.2.1 Dialects as subdivisions of languages
2.2.2 Dialect mapping: isoglosses
2.2.3 Class dialects and 'standard languages'
2.2.4 Criteria for determining dialect status
2.2.5 Linguistic tendencies affecting dialectal divisions
2.3 General and particular
2.4 The structural treatment of lexical meaning
2.4.1 Lexical interrelations
2.4.2 Collocation
2.4.3 Semantic field theory
Bibliography for Chapter2
Notes to Chapter2
3 Phonetics
3.1 Articulatory phonetics
3.1.1 The spoken foundation of language
3.1.2 Primacy of articulatory phonetics
3.1.3 The physiological basis of speaking
3.2 The organs of speech
3.2.1 The glottis
3.2.2 The supraglottal organs of speech
3.2.3 Nasalization
3.3 Segmentation: vowel and consonant
3.3.1 Segmentation
3.3.2 Vowels and consonants: transcription
3.3.3 Vowels
3.3.4 Consonants
3.4 Acoustic phonetics
3.5 Piurisegmental features
3.5.1 The continuum of articulation
3.5.2 Glottal and supraglottal features
3.5.3 Stress
3.5.4 Pitch
3.5.5 Voice quality
3.6 Phonetics in linguistics
Bibliography for Chapter3
Notes to Chapter3
4 Phonology
4.1 Speech and writing
4.2 Narrow and broad transcription: phonetics and
phonology
4.3 The phoneme theory
4.3.1 The phonemic principle, phonemics
4.3.2 Segmental phonemes
4.3.3 Phonemic analysis of length and stress
4.3.4 The syllable
4.3.5 Tone phonemes
4.3.6 Intonation
4.3.7 Distinctive features
4.4 Further developments
4.4.1 Classical phoneme theory
4.4.2 Juncture phonemes
4.4.3 Prosodic phonology
4.4.4 Generative phonology
4.4.5 Natural generative phonology
4.4.6 Rule ordering
4.4.7 Autosegmental and metrical phonology
Bibliography for Chapter4
Notes to Chapter4
5 Grammar: grammatical elements
5.1 Preliminary questions
5.1.1 Uses of the term 'grammar'
5.1.2 Formal grammar
5.1.3 The basic units of grammar
5.2 The sentence
5.3 The word
5.3.1 Grammatical criteria of word status
5.3.2 Phonological markers of the word unit
5.3.3 Variant word forms
5.4 The morpheme
5.4.1 The morpheme as the minimal grammatical unit
5.4.2 Morpheme variants (allomorphs)
5.4.3 Bound and free morphemes: root and affix
5.5 The semantic status of morphemes
Bibliography for Chapters5 and6
Notes to Chapter5
6 Grammar: grammatical classes, structures, and categories
6.1 Syntactic relations
6.2 Word classes
6.3 Immediate constituents
6.3.1 General principles: basic syntactic structures
6.3.2 Endocentric and exocentric: subordinate and coordinate
6.3.3 Word order and syntactic structure
6.3.4 Cross-cutting of immediate constituents and word boundaries
6.3.5 Comparison with traditional practice
6.4 Grammatical categories
6.4.1 Number, gender, case
6.4.2 Concord and government
6.4.3 Subject and object
6.4.4 Morphology in relation to syntax
6.4.5 Inflection and derivation
6.4.6 Grammatical functions of stress and pitch features
6.4.7 Morpheme and category
6.5 Subclasses, irregularities, and economy
6.6 Grammatical semantics
6.6.1 Semantic correlations
6.6.2 Meanings of grammatical categories
6.6.3 Class meanings and structural meanings
6.6.4 Methodological implications
Notes to Chapter6
7 Current linguistic theory
7.1 Theory formation
7.1.1 Linguistic theory and linguistic practice
7.1.2 Rival theories
7.2 Transformational-generative linguistics (TG)
7.2.1 General considerations
7.2.2 Early formulation: Syntactic structures
7.2.3 Later developments: Aspects of the theory of syntax and after
7.2.4 Government and binding
7.3 Other current theories
7.3.1 General context
7.3.2 Generalized phrase structure grammar(GPSG)
7.3.3 Relational and functional grammar
7.3.4 Dependency grammars
7.4 Earlier post-'structuralist' theories
7.4.1 General context
7.4.2 Tagmemics
7.4.3 M.A.K. Halliday: systemic grammar
7.4.4 Stratificational linguistics
7.5 Postscript
Bibliography for Chapter7
Notes to Chapter7
8 Linguistic comparison
8.1 Historically orientated comparison of languages (comparative and historical linguistics)
8.1.1 The material
8.1.2 The Great Vowel Shift in English
8.1.3 Semantic changes
8.1.4 The Indo-European family
8.1.5 Other language families
8.1.6 The representation of correspondences
8.1.7 The neogrammarian thesis
8.1.8 Loan words
8.1.9 Analogy
8.1.10 Sound change and generative grammar
8.1.11 Historical inferences
8.2 Typological comparison
8.2.1 General principles
8.2.2 Phonetic typology
8.2.3 Phonological typology
8.2.4 Grammatical typology
8.2.5 Linguistic typology and linguistic universals
8.2.6 Structural typology
8.2.7 Lexical typology
8.2.8 Historical change and linguistic typology
8.2.9 Summary
Bibliography for Chapter8
Notes to Chapter8
9 Wider perspectives
9.1 Linguistics, anthropology and sociology
9.1.1 Linguistics and anthropology
9.1.2 Linguistics and sociology: sociolinguistics
9.2 Linguistics and philosophy
9.3 Linguistics and psychology
9.4 Linguistics and language teaching: linguistics and communications engineering
9.4.1 Linguistics and language teaching
9.4.2 Linguistics and communications engineering
9.5 Linguistics and literature
9.6 Outline of the history of linguistic studies in Western Europe
Bibliography for Chapter9
Notes to Chapter9
Index
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
评分
评分
评分
评分
用户评价
这本书在排版和辅助材料的提供上，体现出了一种极强的实用主义色彩，它完全不像一本纯理论著作，更像是为实际的语言工作者准备的工具箱。我发现它在每章的末尾都设计了大量的“练习与思考题”，这些题目往往不是简单的概念复述，而是需要结合多个章节知识点进行综合分析的案例研究。比如，它会给出一个从未见过的外语片段，要求读者运用所学的语音、形态和句法知识进行初步的形态划分和可能的句法树构建。这种“学以致用”的导向，让知识的掌握不再是死记硬背，而是转化为解决实际问题的能力。此外，书中附带的术语表和索引的制作也非常用心，检索起来极为方便，这对于我回顾特定理论或概念时节省了大量时间。它不仅关注了“是什么”，更关注了“怎么用”和“如何检测”。对于那些正在学习语言学分析方法、希望将理论应用于实际数据分析的学生或研究者来说，这本书的实操价值是无可替代的，它不仅仅是一本参考书，更像是一个随时可以打开并立即投入工作的操作手册。
评分这本书简直是为语言学初学者量身定做的指南，它的叙述方式非常平易近人，完全没有那种高深莫测的学术腔调。我记得我第一次翻开它的时候，还担心会遇到一堆晦涩难懂的术语和复杂的理论模型，结果却大跌眼镜。作者似乎非常懂得如何将那些看似抽象的语言现象，通过生动有趣的例子和清晰的逻辑脉络展现出来。比如，它在讲解音位和音位变体时，没有直接抛出定义，而是通过对比不同方言中同一个词的发音差异，让我立刻明白了“音位”这个概念的实际意义。读起来就像是在听一位经验丰富的老师娓娓道来，既有扎实的理论基础，又不失幽默感。特别是关于句法结构的部分，作者运用了大量的图示和简单的句子分析，让我这个曾经对“树状图”感到头疼的人，也能轻松掌握主谓宾的划分规则。这本书的编排结构也很合理，从最基础的语音、音位开始，逐步深入到词法、句法、语义，最后拓展到语用，每一步的衔接都非常自然流畅，让人读完一个章节后，对整体的语言系统构建有了更清晰的认识。对于任何想对“语言是怎么运作的”产生好奇心的人来说，这本书无疑是最好的敲门砖，它成功地将一门看似硬核的学科，变得可亲、可懂、可感。
评分坦白地说，这本书的学术严谨性远超出了我的预期，它在基础概念的界定时展现出了一种近乎苛刻的精确度。对于那些对语言学有一定了解，寻求更深层次理论探讨的读者来说，这本书提供了一个非常坚实且无可挑剔的理论框架。作者在介绍特定理论流派（比如生成语法或功能主义）时，并没有采取简单的介绍或对比，而是深入剖析了这些理论的核心假设、逻辑推导过程以及它们内部可能存在的内在矛盾。我尤其赞赏它对“语言能力”和“语言运用”这两个核心概念的区分和论述，其论证过程层层递进，引用了大量的经典文献和最新的研究成果作为支撑。阅读过程中，我需要时不时地停下来，查阅一些背景资料，以确保我对每一个术语的理解都能达到作者设定的精确度。这本书的行文风格非常“学术化”，句子结构复杂，论证密集，几乎没有冗余的修饰，每一个词语的选择都经过了深思熟虑，这使得它在信息密度上达到了一个很高的水准。它不迎合读者的理解速度，而是要求读者主动去适应其严密的逻辑结构，这对于想从事相关研究的人来说，绝对是一份宝贵的、值得反复研读的资料。
评分这本书给我的感觉是，它在内容上采取了一种非常“人类学”的视角来审视语言现象，这在我以往接触的语言学书籍中是比较少见的。它没有仅仅停留在对语言形式的机械分析上，而是深入探讨了语言在不同社会文化背景下的变迁与适应。我特别欣赏作者在讨论语言变异性时所展现出的细腻观察力。书中花了相当大的篇幅去探讨方言、社会方言（如阶层语言、代际语言）以及语言接触对语言结构产生的影响，这让我意识到，语言并非是一成不变的规范，而是活生生的、不断流动的社会实体。例如，书中对比了不同年龄段人群对新词汇的接受程度，并分析了其背后的社会心理因素，这种跨学科的视角极大地拓宽了我的视野。它让人思考，我们日常使用的每一个词汇、每一种表达方式，背后都承载着复杂的历史沉淀和社会互动。读完后，我不再仅仅关注“语法对不对”，而是开始留意“为什么人们会这样说”，这种视角的转变，让语言本身变得鲜活和立体起来。对于希望理解语言与社会、文化之间复杂纠葛的读者来说，这本书提供的深度和广度都令人满意，它不仅仅是在教你语言的知识，更是在培养你对人类交流行为的深刻洞察力。
评分这本书的阅读体验，最让我印象深刻的是它那种“探险式”的知识构建过程。它没有按照传统的教科书那样，把所有知识点整齐地排列好，而是更像是在引导读者一起去解决语言学领域中的一些“悬案”。比如，书中在探讨语义学中指称和意义的关系时，设置了一系列经典的哲学悖论情境，然后一步步地带领读者分析不同理论如何试图解释这些悖论，而不是直接给出结论。这种“带着问题去阅读”的方式，极大地激发了我的求知欲和批判性思维。我感觉自己不像是在被动接受信息，而是在积极参与一场思维的辩论。书中对于“歧义性”的讨论尤其精彩，它不仅展示了词汇歧义和结构歧义，还深入探讨了在真实语境中，我们是如何巧妙地规避或利用这些歧义的。这种互动性极强的写作手法，让抽象的语言分析变得充满了智力上的乐趣。它教会了我如何质疑既有的语言规则，如何从不同的角度去解构一个看似简单的句子，这种能力培养是任何单纯的知识灌输都无法比拟的。
评分我还是更喜欢索绪尔……这一学期的语言学课程终于结束了
评分我还是更喜欢索绪尔……这一学期的语言学课程终于结束了
评分原版
评分跟索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》风格不一样，可以看一下。Robins师承伦敦学派代表人弗斯，但他本人并没有门户之见，眼界比较开阔。前面有很详细的导读，但读起来还是有点儿难度。
评分跟索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》风格不一样，可以看一下。Robins师承伦敦学派代表人弗斯，但他本人并没有门户之见，眼界比较开阔。前面有很详细的导读，但读起来还是有点儿难度。
相关图书
本站所有内容均为互联网搜索引擎提供的公开搜索信息，本站不存储任何数据与内容，任何内容与数据均与本站无关，如有需要请联系相关搜索引擎包括但不限于百度，google,bing,sogou 等
© 2026 book.quotespace.org All Rights Reserved. 小美书屋 版权所有