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《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯于1838年出版的写实小说，是他的第一部重要的社会问题小说。这部小说以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇：主人公奥利佛是个孤儿，从小在济贫院长大，不知父母是谁。他在济贫院中受了九年的折磨后被送到一个承办丧事的店里当学徒，在那里受到虐待。他忍无可忍，独自逃往伦敦，不幸刚到便被骗误入贼窟，这是一个专事盗窃抢劫的团伙，为首的是老犹太人费金，除了少数头目外，都是些被引入邪路的少年儿童。费金一伙用威胁、利诱、灌输等手段，要把奥利佛变成他们的作案工具。奥利佛历尽无数辛酸，几经波折，最终被他父亲生前的朋友从贼窟中救出，找到了亲人，得到了遗产，过上了幸福的生活。

狄更斯Charles Dickens(1812～1870)，1812年生于英国的朴次茅斯。父亲过着没有节制的生活，负债累累。年幼的狄更斯被迫被送进一家皮鞋油店当学徒，饱尝了艰辛。狄更斯16岁时，父亲因债务被关进监狱。从此，他们的生活更为悲惨。工业革命一方面带来了19世纪前期英国大都市的繁荣，另一方面又带来了庶民社会的极端贫困和对童工的残酷剥削。尖锐的社会矛盾和不公正的社会制度使狄更斯决心改变自己的生活。15岁时，狄更斯在一家律师事务所当抄写员并学习速记，此后，又在报社任新闻记者。在《记事晨报》任记者时，狄更斯开始发表一些具有讽刺和幽默内容的短剧，主要反映伦敦的生活，逐渐有了名气。他了解城市底层人民的生活和风土人情，这些都体现在他热情洋溢的笔端。此后，他在不同的杂志社任编辑、主编和发行人，其间发表了几十部长篇和短篇小说，主要作品有《雾都孤儿》、《圣诞颂歌》、《大卫·科波菲尔》和《远大前程》等。

狄更斯的作品大多取材于与自己的亲身经历或所见所闻相关联的事件。他在书中揭露了济贫院骇人听闻的生活制度，揭开了英国社会底层的可怕秘密，淋漓尽致地描写了社会的黑暗和罪恶。本书起笔便描写了主人公奥利弗生下来便成为孤儿，以及在济贫院度过的悲惨生活。后来，他被迫到殡仪馆做学徒，又因不堪忍受虐待而离家出走。孤身一人来到伦敦后，又落入了窃贼的手中。狄更斯在其作品中大量描写了黑暗的社会现实，对平民阶层寄予了深切的向情，并无情地批判了当时的社会制度。他在小说描写的现实性和人物的个性化方面成绩是突出的。他成为继莎士比亚之后，塑造作品人物数量最多的一个作家。

Chapter 1 Treats of the place where Oliver Twistwas born; and of the circumstances attending his birthChapter 2 Treats of Oliver Twist's growth, education, and boardChapter 3 Relates how Oliver Twist was very near getting a place, which would not have been a sinecureChapter 4 Oliver, being offered another place, makes his first entry into public lifeChapter 5 Oliver mingles with new associates. Going to a funeral for the first time, he forms an unfavourable notion of his master's businessChapter 6 Oliver, being goaded by the taunts of Noah, rouses into action and rather astonishes himChapter 7 Oliver continues refractoryChapter 8 Oliver walks to London. He encounters on the road, a strange sort of young gentlemanChapter 9 Containing further particulars concerning the pleasant old gentleman and his hopeful pupilsChapter l0 Oliver becomes better acquainted with the characters of his new associates; and purchases experience at a high price. Being a short but very important chapter in this historyChapter 11 Treats of Mr. Fang, the police magistrate; and furnishes a slight specimen of his mode of administering justiceChapter 12 In which Oliver is taken better care of than he ever was before. And in which the narrative reverts to the merry old gentleman and his youthful friendsChapter 13 Some new acquaintances are introduced to the intelligent reader; connected with whom various pleasant matters are related appertaining to this historyChapter 14 Comprising further particulars of Oliver's stay at Mr. Brownlow's, with the remarkable prediction which one Mr. Grimwig uttered concerning him when he went out on an errandChapter 15 Showing how very fond of Oliver Twist the merry old Jew and Miss Nancy wereChapter 16 Relates what became of Oliver Twist, after he had been claimed by NancyChapter 17 Oliver's destiny, continuing unpropitious, brings a great man to London to injure his reputationChapter 18 How Oliver passed his time in the improving society of his reputable friendsChapter 19 In which a notable plan is discussed and determined onChapter 20 Wherein Oliver is delivered over to Mr. William SikesChapter 21 The expeditionChapter 22 The burglaryChapter 23 Which contains the substance of a pleasant conversation between Mr. Bumble and a lady; and shows that even a beadle may be susceptible on some pointsChapter 24 Treats of a very poor subject. But is a short one; and may be found of some importance in this historyChapter 25 Wherein this history refers to Mr. Fagin and companyChapter 26 In which a mysterious character appears upon the scene; and many things, inseparable from this history, are done and performedChapter 27 Atones for the unpoliteness of a former chapter; which deserted a lady most unceremoniouslyChapter 28 Looks after Oliver, and proceeds with his adventuresChapter 29 Has an introductory account of the inmates of the house to which Oliver resortedChapter 30 Relates what Oliver's new visitors thought of himChapter 31 Involves a critical positionChapter 32 Of the happy life Oliver began to lead with his kind friendsChapter 33 Wherein the happiness of Oliver and his friends experiences a sudden checkChapter 34 Contains some introductory particulars relative to a young gentleman who now arrives upon the scene; and a new adventure which happened to OliverChapter 35 Containing the unsatisfactory result of Oliver's adventure; and a conversation of some importance between Harry Maylie and RoseChapter 36 Is a very short one, and may appear of no great importance in its place. But it should be read, notwithstanding, as a sequel to the last, and a key to one that will follow when its time arrivesChapter 37 In which the reader may perceive a contrast, not uncommon in matrimonial casesChapter 38 Containing an account of what passed between Mr. and Mrs. Bumble, and Monks, at their nocturnal interviewChapter 39 Introduces some respectable characters with whom the reader is already acquainted, and shows how Monks and the Jew laid their worthy heads togetherChapter 40 A strange interview, which is a sequel to the last chapterChapter 41 Containing fresh discoveries, and showing that surprises, like misfortunes, seldom come aloneChapter 42 An old acquaintance of Oliver's, exhibiting decided marks of genius, becomes a public character in the metropolisChapter 43 Wherein is shown how the Artful Dodger got into troubleChapter 44 The time arrives for Nancy to redeem her pledge to Rose Maylie. She failsChapter 45 Noah Claypole is employed by Fagin on a secret missionChapter 46 The appointment keptChapter 47 Fatal consequencesChapter 48 The flight of SikesChapter 49 Monks and Mr. Browniow at length meet. Their conversation, and the intelligence that interrupt,itChapter 50 The pursuit and escapeChapter 51 Affording an explanation of more mysteries than one, and comprehending a proposal of marriage, with no word of settlement or pin-moneyChapter 52 The Jew's last night aliveChapter 53 And last
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