A well-informed critique of the development assistance industry, written by a longtime insider
For more than thirty-five years, Thomas W. Dichter has worked in the field of international development, managing and evaluating projects for nongovernmental organizations, directing a Peace Corps country program, and serving as a consultant for such agencies as USAID, UNDP, and the World Bank. On the basis of this extensive and varied experience, he has become an outspoken critic of what he terms the "international poverty alleviation industry." He believes that efforts to reduce world poverty have been well-intentioned but largely ineffective. On the whole, the development industry has failed to serve the needs of the people it has sought to help.
To make his case, Dichter reviews the major trends in development assistance from the 1960s through the 1990s, illustrating his analysis with eighteen short stories based on his own experiences in the field. The analytic chapters are thus grounded in the daily life of development workers as described in the stories.
Dichter shows how development organizations have often become caught up in their own self-perpetuation and in public relations efforts designed to create an illusion of effectiveness. Tracing the evolution of the role of money (as opposed to ideas) in development assistance, he suggests how financial imperatives have reinforced the tendency to sponsor time-bound projects, creating a dependency among aid recipients. He also examines the rise of careerism and increased bureaucratization in the industry, arguing that assistance efforts have become disconnected from important lessons learned on the ground, and often lessons of world history.
In the end, Dichter calls for a more light-handed and artful approach to development assistance, with fewer agencies and experts involved. His stance is pragmatic, rather than ideological or political. What matters, he says, is what works, and the current practices of the development industry are simply not effective.
"A literate, entertaining, and soul-searching critique of the international aid business, by an insider who will make other insiders think hard about what they are doing and where they are going."
Ian Smillie, author of Patronage or Partnership:
Local Capacity Building in Humanitarian Crises
"I can think of no study as comprehensive and grounded in such wide experience and knowledge as Dichter's. . . . The presentation is amazingly effective, especially the alternation of narrative accounts of hypothetical (but very believable) examples of technical assistance projects with factual discussions of aspects of developmental assistance. . . . A highly readable and literate book."
Barbara B. Burn, author of Expanding the International
Dimension of Higher Education
Thomas W. Dichter holds a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Chicago and has taught at Tufts University, Clark University, and Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School.
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《Despite Good Intentions》是一本让我感到非常“沉重”的书,但同时,它也充满了力量。它并没有回避生活中的阴暗面,也没有试图去粉饰太平。相反,它以一种近乎残酷的真实,揭示了人性中那些难以启齿的弱点,以及我们在面对生活压力时的种种挣扎。书中有很多情节,都让我感到心有戚戚焉,仿佛看到了自己或者身边人的影子。它让我明白了,生活从来都不是一帆风顺的,即使我们做出了最正确的选择,也可能因为各种不可控的因素,而走向一个并不理想的结局。然而,这本书并非是要让你感到绝望。恰恰相反,它在揭示黑暗的同时,也展现了人性中顽强的生命力。即使在最艰难的时刻,也总有人会选择继续前行,总有人会试图去弥补错误,总有人会去寻找希望。这种在绝望中寻找光明的力量,是这本书最打动我的地方。它让我相信,即使前路充满荆棘,我们依然有勇气去面对,去抗争,去寻找属于自己的幸福。
评分《Despite Good Intentions》给我最大的触动来自于它对“牺牲”这个概念的探讨。书中有很多角色,他们都做出了各种各样的牺牲,有的是为了他人,有的是为了所谓的“大局”,有的是为了所谓的“爱”。然而,这些牺牲在很多时候,并没有带来他们所期望的美好结局,反而可能成为了新的困境的开端。这种“牺牲的悖论”让我深思。我们常常被教育要乐于奉献,要不求回报地付出,但这本书却告诉我们,即使是出于最纯粹的动机,牺牲也并非总是正确的选择。有时候,过度的牺牲,或者不恰当的牺牲,反而会伤害到自己,也会伤害到他人。作者并没有简单地评判这些牺牲的好坏,而是呈现了这些牺牲所带来的复杂后果。它让我意识到,在生活中,我们不能仅仅依靠“意图”来衡量一个行为的价值,更需要考虑“结果”以及“影响”。这本书像一面镜子,照出了人性中的善良与自私,也照出了我们面对困境时的无助与挣扎。读完之后,我久久不能平静,反复思考着书中人物的命运,以及他们所做出的选择。
评分这本书的叙事视角非常独特,我从来没有读过类似的角度来讲述一个故事。它并没有采用传统的单线叙事,而是通过多个人物的视角,碎片化的信息,以及跳跃的时间线,来构建整个故事的全貌。这种“拼图式”的叙事,一开始可能会让人感到有些困惑,甚至会产生一种“抓不住重点”的感觉。但是,随着阅读的深入,你会逐渐发现,正是这种碎片化的呈现方式,才更加真实地反映了我们对事件的认知过程。我们很少能一次性了解事情的全部真相,很多时候,我们都是通过零散的信息,通过不同人的讲述,来拼凑出自己对事实的理解。作者正是巧妙地利用了这一点,让读者也参与到“解谜”的过程中来。你需要在不同的叙述之间找到联系,你需要去辨别信息的真伪,你需要去揣摩人物的真实意图。这种互动式的阅读体验,让这本书充满了趣味性和挑战性。而且,这种多视角的运用,也让每一个人物都显得更加立体和饱满,你能够从不同的角度去理解他们的动机和行为。
评分这本书带给我一种意想不到的惊喜,我一直以来都对那些深入探讨人性复杂性的作品情有独钟,而《Despite Good Intentions》恰恰满足了我对这类故事的所有期待。它并非那种简单粗暴的善恶二元对立,而是细腻地展现了即使是怀着最美好的初衷,也可能因为种种原因,导致了意想不到甚至可以说是令人沮丧的后果。这种“好心办坏事”的张力,贯穿了整个故事,让我在阅读过程中不断地思考,人与人之间的关系究竟是多么微妙,以及我们自以为是的“帮助”有时反而会成为一种束缚。作者在刻画人物时,并没有将任何角色描绘成完美无瑕的圣人,也没有将任何角色刻画成无可救药的反派。每个人物都有他们自己的动机,他们的行为逻辑虽然有时候让人难以理解,但却真实得令人心痛。这种真实感,来自于作者对人情世故的深刻洞察,以及对生活中那些隐秘的、不易察觉的心理活动的精准捕捉。我尤其喜欢书中对情感冲突的处理方式,它不是那种激烈的爆发,而是像慢性毒药一样,一点点侵蚀着人物之间的信任和理解。读到某些片段时,我甚至会感到一种强烈的窒息感,仿佛自己也身陷其中,无法挣脱。这本书让我重新审视了“意图”与“结果”之间的关系,以及我们在生活中所扮演的各种角色。
评分我必须说,《Despite Good Intentions》在叙事手法上非常巧妙。它不走寻常路,选择了一种更加迂回、更加充满悬念的方式来展开故事。一开始,你可能会觉得故事的节奏有些缓慢,人物之间的关系也显得有些模糊不清,但正是这种刻意的“模糊”和“缓慢”,为后续情节的爆发埋下了伏笔。作者似乎很擅长玩弄读者的心理预期,总是在你以为自己已经猜透了剧情走向的时候,突然给你来个大转弯,让你措手不及。这种“意外感”是这本书最吸引我的地方之一。它不是那种一眼就能看到结局的模式化故事,而是充满了各种可能性,让你在阅读过程中始终保持高度的警惕和好奇。书中的对话写得也非常精彩,字里行间都充满了暗示和未说出口的潜台词。我常常需要停下来,反复咀嚼那些看似平淡的对话,才能从中体会到人物内心深处的矛盾和挣扎。这种“留白”式的写作,让读者有更多的空间去想象和解读,也让故事的层次更加丰富。而且,它并非那种追求华丽辞藻的文学作品,它的语言朴实无华,但却充满了力量,能够直击人心。
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