Debt - Updated and Expanded pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025
- David_Graeber
- 金融史
- 經濟學
- 科普
- 社會學
- 曆史
- 美國
- 社科
- 個人理財
- 債務管理
- 財務自由
- 投資
- 儲蓄
- 預算
- 經濟學
- 金融
- 理財規劃
- 財務建議
具體描述
Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it.
Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that 5,000 years ago, during the beginning of the agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems. It is in this era, Graeber shows, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors.
With the passage of time, however, virtual credit money was replaced by gold and silver coins—and the system as a whole began to decline. Interest rates spiked and the indebted became slaves. And the system perpetuated itself with tremendously violent consequences, with only the rare intervention of kings and churches keeping the system from spiraling out of control. Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.
著者簡介
DAVID GRAEBER teaches anthropology at Goldsmiths College, University of London. He is the author of Towards an Anthropological Theory of Value, Lost People, and Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire. He has written for Harper’s, The Nation, Mute, and The New Left Review.
圖書目錄
2 The Myth of Barter 21
3 Primordial Debts 43
4 Cruelty and Redemption 73
5 A Brief Treatise on the Moral Grounds of Economic Relations 89
6 Games with Sex and Death 127
7 Honor and Degradation, or, on the Foundations of Contemporary Civilization 165
8 Credit Versus Bullion, And the Cycles of History 211
9 The Axiai Age (800 BC-600 AD) 223
10 The Middle Ages (600 AD-1450 AD) 251
11 Age of the Great Capitalist Empires (1450-1971) 307
12 The Beginning of Something Yet to Be Determined (1971-present) 361
Afterwords 393
Notes 401
Bibliography 463
Index 501
· · · · · · (收起)
讀後感
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評分 評分作者认为，货币不是为了取代物物交换而出现，因此，传统关于货币起源的理论是错误的。然而要点在于，货币起源主要涉及直接交换与间接交换之间的区别，而非物物交换与信用体系的对立。馈赠和进贡也是一种直接交换，而物物交换也可以是一种间接交换。格雷伯在这个基本问题和逻辑...
評分我想起来，作者应该是讨厌【钱生钱】的做法——钱一旦用来生钱，比如放贷，钱就不再是作为价值尺度的纯粹手段，而成了目的。 但是反观现在所有的商业，难道不都是在钱生钱么，只是过程没那么直接，是蜿蜒曲折的罢了：传统企业向银行贷款后扩大生产，以求更多利润；互联网企业得...
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