Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it.
Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that 5,000 years ago, during the beginning of the agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems. It is in this era, Graeber shows, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors.
With the passage of time, however, virtual credit money was replaced by gold and silver coins—and the system as a whole began to decline. Interest rates spiked and the indebted became slaves. And the system perpetuated itself with tremendously violent consequences, with only the rare intervention of kings and churches keeping the system from spiraling out of control. Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.
DAVID GRAEBER teaches anthropology at Goldsmiths College, University of London. He is the author of Towards an Anthropological Theory of Value, Lost People, and Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire. He has written for Harper’s, The Nation, Mute, and The New Left Review.
《债》是一个人类学家大卫●格雷柏讲述人类五千年进程中债的起源、如何演绎的历史。 他的一些观点颠覆了我们学过的经济学常识,例如货币的起源并非是亚当斯密所说的原始人物物交换,只不过是人们往来的记账标记。债不同于责任,是可以精确度量的;往往由于双方对债的度量、利息...
评分 评分最初想看这书,是不知在哪里看到一个理论,债是经济的根源,以及货币体系就是债的体系,想想很有道理,于是想深入的了解债,而这本书的口碑还不错,然而深入看起来之后,感觉这么一本500多页的书没有太多实质性的东西,更多是一种宣泄,再加上翻译水平一般,晦涩难懂。 他是占...
评分一切皆因信貸和債務 (文匯﹕2013年5月6日) 作者:大衛.格雷伯 譯者:董子雲、孫碳 出版:中信出版社(2012年11月) 阿當.斯密在《國富論》中指出經濟活動起源於「以物易物」及其衍生的交易行為,而貨幣則作為量度中介而出現,大家將這說法奉若圭臬,然而這不過建基於17...
评分路上听书解读: 公元前196年的罗塞塔石碑上,就已经有“债”这个概念,甚至于从有记载的人类历史开始,债就一直存在。 1. 债务和信用体系自古就有,并非出现在物物交换之后 根据人类学研究的发现,远在货币制度和物物交换诞生以前,信用,作为一种虚拟货币,就已被人们在使用了...
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