具体描述
Before there was money, there was debt
Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it.
Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that for more than 5,000 years, since the beginnings of the first agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems to buy and sell goods—that is, long before the invention of coins or cash. It is in this era, Graeber argues, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors.
Graeber shows that arguments about debt and debt forgiveness have been at the center of political debates from Italy to China, as well as sparking innumerable insurrections. He also brilliantly demonstrates that the language of the ancient works of law and religion (words like “guilt,” “sin,” and “redemption”) derive in large part from ancient debates about debt, and shape even our most basic ideas of right and wrong. We are still fighting these battles today without knowing it.
Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.
作者简介
美国著名人类学家和无政府主义者，伦敦大学戈德史密斯学院高级讲师。他曾为《哈珀斯》、《国家》、Mute杂志、《新左派评论》等国家媒体供稿。大卫•格雷伯是伦敦经济学院2006年度马林诺夫斯基纪念讲座主讲人。该讲座为向重塑研究文化的杰出人类学家致敬而设，每年举办一次。
目录信息
读后感
首先作者一上来就推翻了古典经济学家关于货币起源的观点:以物易物-》以货币易物。从人类学家，历史学家来观察，作者观察到货币起源是这样的：以债易物-》政府规范债-》创造货币。这样货币的必要性，合法性跟政府是有很大关系的，从根本上怀疑了自由市场鼓吹者的根基。 ...
评分 评分- 记录债务的信用体系发生在货币以前，货币是为方便转移债务而发明。以物换物只发生在陌生人之间。 - 金银是战争的同谋，而不是和平的附属。 - 按照虚拟货币和金属货币的交易为依据，把欧亚史分为第一农耕帝国时代（前3500-前800，庙宇里的贵金属是国家系统的基石，陶片记债法...
评分作者认为，货币不是为了取代物物交换而出现，因此，传统关于货币起源的理论是错误的。然而要点在于，货币起源主要涉及直接交换与间接交换之间的区别，而非物物交换与信用体系的对立。馈赠和进贡也是一种直接交换，而物物交换也可以是一种间接交换。格雷伯在这个基本问题和逻辑...
评分首先作者一上来就推翻了古典经济学家关于货币起源的观点:以物易物-》以货币易物。从人类学家，历史学家来观察，作者观察到货币起源是这样的：以债易物-》政府规范债-》创造货币。这样货币的必要性，合法性跟政府是有很大关系的，从根本上怀疑了自由市场鼓吹者的根基。 ...
用户评价
从人类学和社会学角度写的经济著作 荣誉与荣誉降级那章挺有意思的
评分David还是很牛逼的，不过在一定程度上，他自己的政治立场会让他写的东西略微有些极端，但个人觉得分析很在理。
评分喜欢这本书的scope，五千年的全球史，而大部分当代人已经很难去书写一个对于整体的世界的想象了。遵循了从涂尔干--莫斯一路下来的ethnogenesis。对以亚当斯密为代表的political economy的批评非常radical：欠债还钱并非天经地义，这个时代需要召唤的是Jubilee，无政府主义背景明显。
评分profound
评分中间有点含糊，但是结尾非常好。
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