Civilization pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025

If in the year 1411 you had been able to circumnavigate the globe, you would have been most impressed by the dazzling civilizations of the Orient. The Forbidden City was under construction in Ming Beijing; in the Near East, the Ottomans were closing in on Constantinople. By contrast, England would have struck you as a miserable backwater ravaged by plague, bad sanitation and incessant war. The other quarrelsome kingdoms of Western Europe – Aragon, Castile, France, Portugal and Scotland – would have seemed little better. As for fifteenth-century North America, it was an anarchic wilderness compared with the realms of the Aztecs and Incas. The idea that the West would come to dominate the Rest for most of the next half millennium would have struck you as wildly fanciful. And yet it happened. What was it about the civilization of Western Europe that allowed it to trump the outwardly superior empires of the Orient? The answer, Niall Ferguson argues, was that the West developed six “killer applications” that the Rest lacked: competition, science, democracy, medicine, consumerism and the work ethic. The key question today is whether or not the West has lost its monopoly on these six things. If so, Ferguson warns, we may be living through the end of Western ascendancy. Civilization takes readers on their own extraordinary journey around the world – from the Grand Canal at Nanjing to the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul; from Machu Picchu in the Andes to Shark Island, Namibia; from the proud towers of Prague to the secret churches of Wenzhou. It is the story of sailboats, missiles, land deeds, vaccines, blue jeans and Chinese Bibles. It is the defining narrative of modern world history.

尼爾·弗格森，英國最著名的曆史學傢之一。哈佛大學曆史係教授、牛津大學高級研究員，同時也是斯坦福大學鬍佛研究所的高級研究員。他是極少數能橫跨學術界、金融界和媒體的專傢之一。著有《貨幣崛起》等多部暢銷書，同時還為多傢報紙和雜誌撰稿。此外，他還製作瞭四部非常成功的電視紀錄片：《帝國》、《美國巨人》、《世界戰爭》，以及最近的《貨幣崛起》。2004年被《時代》周刊評為“影響世界的100人”之一。