This collection of twenty-two research papers explores the creative interaction between evolutionary and molecular biology, philosophy, and theology. It is the result of the third of five international research conferences co-sponsored by the Vatican Observatory, Rome and the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences, Berkeley. The overarching goal of these conferences is to support the engagement of constructive theology with the natural sciences and to investigate the philosophical and theological elements in ongoing theoretical research in the natural sciences.Contributors are Robert John Russell, George V. Coyne, S.J., Francisco J. Ayala, Camilo J. Cela-Conde, Julian Chela-Flores, Wesley J. Wildman, Paul Davies, William R. Stoeger, S.J., Charles Birch, George F. R. Ellis, Anne M. Clifford, Willem B. Drees, Philip Hefner, Arthur Peacocke, Denis Edwards, John F. Haught, Ian G. Barbour, Nancey Murphy, Ted Peters, and Thomas F. Tracy.This series of conferences builds on the initial 1987 Vatican Observatory conference and its resulting publication, Physics, Philosophy and Theology: A Common Quest for Understanding (1988), and on the previous jointly sponsored conferences and their publications, Quantum Cosmology and the Laws of Nature (1993) and Chaos and Complexity (1995). Future conferences will focus on scientific topics including the neurosciences, quantum physics, and quantum field theory.