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This volume is an attempt to present a comprehensive work on Buddhist iconography of India, and is mainly based on Sanskrit text prepared from seven recensions of the Sadhanamala alias Sadhanasamuccaya. The text has been illustrated by pictures representing images in several museums in India and elsewhere in the collection of numerous Nepalese monasteries.

In the present work endeavour has been made to identify the images of Buddhist deities by means of Dhyanas given in the Sadhanamala. Wherever images could not be procured, the Sadhana has been illustrated with the help of sketches or drawings prepared by Nepalese chitrakaras of Buddhist origin from the ancient albums of their forefathers. Where no drawing could be obtained only the original text has been quoted with a translation.

The importance of Indian Buddhist Iconography lies not only in its being one of the earliest authentic account but also as one of the most outstanding work on the subject not withstanding the change in perception due to new material and research. The work which has long been out-of-print is being re-issued for the use of art-historians, archaeologists, conservators and also for the lay readers.

Contents
FOREWORD i
INTRODUCTION
1. A Brief Historical Survey of Buddhism ix
2. Evolution of the Doctrines xiv
3. Evidence of Art xx
4. The Pantheon xxiv
CHPTER I
Buddhas, Buddasaktis and Bodhisattvas
I. Dhyani Buddhas I
Amitabha, Aksobhya, Vairocana, Amoghasiddhi, Ratna-sambhava, Vajrasattva
II. Divine Buddhasaktis 7
III. Divine Bodhisattvas 8
IV. Mortal Buddhas 9
Gautama Buddha
V. Mortal Buddhasaktis 12
VI. Mortal Bodhisattvas 12
VII. Maitreya, the Future Buddha 13
CHAPTER II
Manjusri 15
1. Emanations of Amitabha 17
Vak, Dharmadhatu-Vagisvara
2. Emanations of Aksobhya 19
Manjughosa, Siddhaikavira, Vajrananga, Namasangiti-Manjusri 19
3. Emanations of the five Dhyani Buddhas 24
Vagisvara, Manjuvara, Manjuvajra, Manjukumar
4. Independent Forms 27
Arapacana, Sthiracakra, Vadirat, Manjunatha
CHAPTER III
Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara 32
1. Sadaksari Lokesvara 33
2. Simhanada 35
3. Khasarpana 36
4. Lokanatha 38
5. Halahala 40
6. Padmanarttesvara 41
7. Harihariharivahanodbhava Lokesvara 44
8. Trailokayavasankara 45
9. Rakta-Lokesvara 46
10. Mayajalakrama Avalokitesvara 47
11. Nilakantha 48
12. Sugatisandarsana Lokesvara 49
13. Pretasantarpita Lokesvara 50
14. Sukhavati Lokesvara 50
15. Vajradharma Lokesvara 51
CHAPTER IV
Emanations of Amitabha
I. Gods 53
Mahavala, Saptasatika-Hayagriva
II. Goddesses 55
Kurukulla, Bhrkuti, Mahasitavati
CHAPTER V
Emanations of Aksobhya
I. Gods 60
Candarosana, Heruka, Buddhakapala, Vajradaka Hayagriva, Yamari, Jambhala
CHAPTER IV
Emanation of Aksobhya (continued)
II. Goddesses 76
Mahacinatara, Janguli, Ekajata, Parnasavari, Prajna-paramita, Vajracarcika, Mahamantranusarini, Mahapratyangira, Dhvajagrakeyura Vasudhara, Nairatma
CHAPTER VII
Emanations of Vairocana 93
Marici, Usnisavijaya, Sitatapatra-Aparajita, Mahasahasra-pramardani, Vajravarahi
CHAPTER VIII
Emanations of Amoghasiddhi 106
Khadiravani Tara, Vasyatara, Sadbhuja-Sitatara, Dhanada-Tara, Parnasavari, Mahamayuri, Vajrasrnkhala
CHAPTER IX
Emanation of Ratnasambhava
I. Gods 113
Jambhala, Ucchusma Jambhala
II. Goddesses 116
Mahapratisara, Vasudhara
CHAPTER X
Emanations of the five Dhyani Buddhas
I. Gods 119
Jambhala, Mahakala,
II. Goddesses 123
Vajratara, Prajnaparamita, Mayajalakrama-Kurukulla, Sitatara
CHAPTER XI
1. Emanation of four Dhyani Buddhas 129
Vajratara
2. Emanation of Vajrasattva 130
Jambhala, Cunda
3. The Pancaraksa Mandala 132
Mahapratisara, Mahasahasrapramardani Mahamayuri, Mahamantranusarini Mahasitavati.
4. The Taras
(i) Ordinary 135
(ii) Extraordinary 136
CHAPTER XII
Independent Deities
I. Gods 141
Ganapati, Bighnantaka, Vajrahunkara, Bhutadamara, Vajrajjvalanalarka, Trailokyavijaya, Paramasva, Namasangiti
II. Goddesses 150
Sarasvati, Aparajita, Vajragandhari, Vajrayogini, Graha-matrka, Ganapatihrdaya, Vajravidarani,
CONCLUSION 159
APPENDIX A.
Kincit-Vistara-Tara-Sadhana (Text with Translation) 169
APPENDIX B.
Descriptions of One Hundred and Eight forms of Avalokitesvara appearing in the Macchandar Vahal, Kathmandu, Nepal 177
GLOSSARY 189
BIBLIOGRAPHY 201
INDEX 204
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