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Xiong Shili 熊十力(1885-1968) was one of the most important Chinese philosophers of the twentieth century, and a founding figure of the modern New Confucian school of philosophy. At the core of his metaphysics is one of the key conceptual polarities in traditional Chinese philosophy: Reality ( ti 體) and Function ( yong 用). Xiong Shili’s Understanding of Reality and Function, 1920-1937 presents a detailed examination and analysis of the development of Xiong Shili’s conception of Reality and Function between 1920 and 1937. While scholars have tended to focus on Xiong’s mature ti-yong philosophical system, which was initially established in the early 1930s, this study explains how that system was gradually formed, providing a more comprehensive basis for understanding the development of Xiong’s philosophical thought in later periods.

SANG Yu, Ph.D. (2019) in Chinese Studies, The Australian National University, is a postdoctoral researcher in the Institute of Philosophy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, and a visiting scholar in the Australian Centre on China in the World at the ANU. Her research focuses on Chinese philosophy, in particular Buddhism and New Confucianism, and the intellectual history of modern China.

Acknowledgements
Introduction
1Objectives of the Study
2Methodology of the Study
3Significance of the Study
4Chapter Outlines
5Xiong’s Biographical Information and Its Historical Context
1 The Philosophical Background to the Development of Xiong’s Ti-yong Metaphysics
1The Formation and Development of the Ti-yong Conceptual Polarity in Chinese Philosophical History
2Xiong’s Reflections on the Ontological and the Phenomenal before 1920
3A Dispute Concerning Reality and Function in the Early Twentieth Century
4Concluding Remarks
2 Xiong’s Two-level Ti-yong System between 1920 and 1923
1Level 1: Suchness as Reality and Consciousness as Function
2Level 2: Productive Power as Reality and Manifest Activity as Function
3The Influence of Ouyang Jingwu’s Ti-yong Perspective
4Concluding Remarks
3 The Modification of Xiong’s Conception of Reality and Function between 1923 and 1927
1The 1926 Weishixue Gailun
2Weishi Lun
3The Structure and Main Arguments of This Chapter
4Xiong’s Understanding of Ti-yong in the 1926 Weishixue Gailun
5Xiong’s Understanding of Ti-yong in His Weishi Lun
6Concluding Remarks
7Appendix: A Clarification of the Period Xiong Composed the Weishi Lun
4 The Development of Xiong’s Conception of Reality and Function between 1927 and 1937
1Whether or Not Sentient Beings Share the Same Reality
2The Development of Xiong’s Understanding of Reality
3The Relationship between Reality and Function
4Concluding Remarks
Conclusion
1A Review of Xiong’s Changing Understanding of Reality and Function between 1920 and 1937
2Why is Xiong’s Philosophy of Reality and Function Unique?
3Why Did Xiong Continue to Modify and Develop His Conception of Reality and Function?
Works Cited
Index
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