Introduction to American Government pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024


Introduction to American Government

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Cornwell, Elmer E.
1983-2
0
45.00
9780023703409

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发表于2024-11-27

Introduction to American Government epub 下載 mobi 下載 pdf 下載 txt 電子書 下載 2024

Introduction to American Government epub 下載 mobi 下載 pdf 下載 txt 電子書 下載 2024

Introduction to American Government pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024



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more alike than dissimilar in their political behavior. But it is this electoral<br >requirement that is the basis for the loose union in the first place. Anyone<br >seeking the presidency as a candidate of a party must secure such an elec-<br >toral majority. One must put together a combination of states sufficient to win<br >a majority of electoral votes, which means that any third party that has any<br >intention of making a serious attempt to win the presidency must comply<br >with the laws of fifty states in order to get its electors on the ballot in<br >November of a presidential year. This takes an extensive organization and a<br >great amount of money. No wonder then that the United States has generally<br >had the kind of two-party system it has. For any third party to stay in busi-<br >ness, it must successfully contend for a majority of electoral votes, or to put<br >it another way, any third party must in reality replace one of the two other<br >parties.<br > It is commonplace for presidential candidates of the two major political<br >parties, the Republicans and Democrats, to shape their public campaigns so<br >as to assure a majority victory in each state. Having the majority of the<br >votes cast in a state ensures victory for that candidate s slate of pledged<br >electors. If a candidate wins enough large states in this manner, the electoral<br >college majority is all the morn certain. In 1980, Ronald Reagan won the<br > numerical majority of the popular vote in only 25 of the 44 states he carried.<br > In Massachusetts, for example, he won the state s 14 electoral votes by only<br > 41.8 per cent of the vote cast to Carter s 41.7 per cent. Independent candi-<br > date John B. Anderson s slate of electors took 15.2 per cent of the state s<br > total vote cast. (See Table 1.) When a third-party candidate is in the presi-<br > dential race, a plurality of the popular vote is all that is needed to win a<br > state s total electoral vote. Presidential candidates, however, do not publicly<br > state that they are interested in the plurality, but rather they seek the major-<br > ity of the votes cast in a state not only to ensure victory for the slate of<br > electors but also so as not to confuse the electorate. We have had 15 presi-<br > dential elections in which the successful candidate for President did not have<br > a majority of the total popular vote in the country. (See Table 2.) The point<br > is well taken. Although many people think of the electoral college system<br > as archaic, the nation s political parties have adapted the technique of win-<br > ning the presidency to the electoral college requirements in the Constitution.<br > In the fifteen times that we had minority Presidents, and in the elections of<br > Jimmy Carter in 1976, when he won a popular majority of only 50.1 per<br > cent and only 27 extra electoral votes (he won 2971 and Ronald Reagan in<br > 1980 when he won only 50.7 per cent of the total popular vote but 489<br > electoral votes, the electoral college legitimized the national election.<br > A constitutional root for the selection of the Presic[ent was fimlly im-<br > planted in 1789. The political pmlies of the nation, not even mentioned in<br >

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