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This volume is a comprehensive account of knowledge of the natural world in Europe, ca. 1500-1700. Often referred to as the Scientific Revolution, this period saw major transformations in fields as diverse as anatomy and astronomy, natural history and mathematics. Articles by leading specialists describe in clear, accessible prose supplemented by extensive bibliographies, how new ideas, discoveries, and institutions shaped the ways in which nature came to be studied, understood, and used.

Katharine Park is Zemurray Stone Radcliffe Professor of the History of Science and of the Studies of Women, Gender and Sexuality at Harvard University. She is the author of Doctors and Medicine in Early Renaissance Florence (1985), and The Secrets of Women: Gender, Generation and the Origins of Human Dissection (forthcoming 2006). Her work has appeared in Isis, The Renaissance Quarterly, and Renaissance Studies, and many periodicals.

Lorraine Daston is Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science and Honorary Professor at the Humboldt-Universität, Berlin. She is the author of Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150–1750 (1998), with Katharine Park; and Wunder, Beweise und Tatsachen: Zur Geschichte der Rationalität (2001).

Introduction Katharine Park and Lorraine Daston
Part I. The New Nature:
1. Physics and foundations Daniel Garber
2. Scientific explanation Lynn S. Joy
3. The meanings of experience Peter Dear
4. Proof and persuasion Richard W. Serjeantson
Part II. Personae and Sites of Natural Knowledge:
1. The man of science Steven Shapin
2. Women of natural knowledge Londa Schiebinger
3. Markets, piazzas, and villages William Eamon
4. Homes and households Alix Cooper
5. Libraries and lecture halls Anthony Grafton
6. Courts and academies Bruce T. Moran
7. Anatomy theaters, botanical gardens, and natural history collections Paula Findlen
8. Laboratories Pamela H. Smith
9. Sites of military science and technology Kelly DeVries
10. Coffeehouses and print shops Adrian Johns
11. Networks of travel, correspondence, and exchange Steven J. Harris
Part III. Dividing the Study of Nature:
1. Natural philosophy Ann Blair
2. Medicine Harold J. Cook
3. Natural history Paula Findlen
4. Cosmography Klaus A. Vogel (translated by Alisha Rankin)
5. From alchemy to 'chemistry' William R. Newman
6. Magic Brian P. Copenhaver
7. Astrology H. Darrel Rutkin
8. Astronomy William Donahue
9. Acoustics and optics Paolo Mancosu
10. Mechanics Domenico Beroloni Meli
11. The mechanical arts Jim Bennett
12. Pure mathematics Kirsti Andersen and Henk J. M. Bos
Part IV. Cultural Meanings of Natural Knowledge:
1. Religion Rivka Feldhay
2. Literature Mary Baine Campbell
3. Art Carmen Nickrasz and Claudia Swan
4. Gender Dorinda Outram
5. European expansion and self-definition Klaus A. Vogel (translated by Alisha Rankin).
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