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For Python-based projects, pytest is the undeniable choice to test your code if you’re looking for a full-featured, API-independent, flexible, and extensible testing framework. With a full-bodied fixture model that is unmatched in any other tool, the pytest framework gives you powerful features such as assert rewriting and plug-in capability—with no boilerplate code.

With simple step-by-step instructions and sample code, this book gets you up to speed quickly on this easy-to-learn and robust tool. Write short, maintainable tests that elegantly express what you’re testing. Add powerful testing features and still speed up test times by distributing tests across multiple processors and running tests in parallel. Use the built-in assert statements to reduce false test failures by separating setup and test failures. Test error conditions and corner cases with expected exception testing, and use one test to run many test cases with parameterized testing. Extend pytest with plugins, connect it to continuous integration systems, and use it in tandem with tox, mock, coverage, unittest, and doctest.

Write simple, maintainable tests that elegantly express what you’re testing and why.

Brian Okken is a lead software engineer with two decades of R&D experience developing test and measurement instruments. He hosts the Test & Code podcast and co-hosts the Python Bytes podcast.

Acknowledgments
Preface
What Is pytest?
Learn pytest While Testing an Example Application
How This Book Is Organized
What You Need to Know
Example Code and Online Resources
Getting Started with pytest
Getting pytest
Running pytest
Running Only One Test
Using Options
Exercises
What’s Next
Writing Test Functions
Testing a Package
Using assert Statements
Expecting Exceptions
Marking Test Functions
Skipping Tests
Marking Tests as Expecting to Fail
Running a Subset of Tests
Parametrized Testing
Exercises
What’s Next
pytest Fixtures excerpt
Sharing Fixtures Through conftest.py
Using Fixtures for Setup and Teardown
Tracing Fixture Execution with –setup-show
Using Fixtures for Test Data
Using Multiple Fixtures
Specifying Fixture Scope
Specifying Fixtures with usefixtures
Using autouse for Fixtures That Always Get Used
Renaming Fixtures
Parametrizing Fixtures
Exercises
What’s Next
Builtin Fixtures
Using tmpdir and tmpdir_factory
Using pytestconfig
Using cache
Using capsys
Using monkeypatch
Using doctest_namespace
Using recwarn
Exercises
What’s Next
Plugins
Finding Plugins
Installing Plugins
Writing Your Own Plugins
Creating an Installable Plugin
Testing Plugins excerpt
Creating a Distribution
Exercises
What’s Next
Configuration
Understanding pytest Configuration Files
Changing the Default Command-Line Options
Registering Markers to Avoid Marker Typos
Requiring a Minimum pytest Version
Stopping pytest from Looking in the Wrong Places
Specifying Test Directory Locations
Changing Test Discovery Rules
Disallowing XPASS
Avoiding Filename Collisions
Exercises
What’s Next
Using pytest with Other Tools
pdb: Debugging Test Failures
Coverage.py: Determining How Much Code Is Tested
mock: Swapping Out Part of the System
tox: Testing Multiple Configurations
Jenkins CI: Automating Your Automated Tests
unittest: Running Legacy Tests with pytest
Exercises
What’s Next
Virtual Environments
pip
Plugin Sampler Pack
Plugins That Change the Normal Test Run Flow
Plugins That Alter or Enhance Output
Plugins for Static Analysis
Plugins for Web Development
Packaging and Distributing Python Projects
Creating an Installable Module
Creating an Installable Package
Creating a Source Distribution and Wheel
Creating a PyPI-Installable Package
xUnit Fixtures
Syntax of xUnit Fixtures
Mixing pytest Fixtures and xUnit Fixtures
Limitations of xUnit Fixtures
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