Knowledge representation is at the very core of a radical idea for understanding intelligence. Instead of trying to understand or build brains from the bottom up, its goal is to understand and build intelligent behavior from the top down, putting the focus on what an agent needs to know in order to behave intelligently, how this knowledge can be represented symbolically, and how automated reasoning procedures can make this knowledge available as needed.
This landmark text takes the central concepts of knowledge representation developed over the last 50 years and illustrates them in a lucid and compelling way. Each of the various styles of representation is presented in a simple and intuitive form, and the basics of reasoning with that representation are explained in detail. This approach gives readers a solid foundation for understanding the more advanced work found in the research literature. The presentation is clear enough to be accessible to a broad audience, including researchers and practitioners in database management, information retrieval, and object-oriented systems as well as artificial intelligence. This book provides the foundation in knowledge representation and reasoning that every AI practitioner needs.
*Authors are well-recognized experts in the field who have applied the techniques to real-world problems
* Presents the core ideas of KR&R in a simple straight forward approach, independent of the quirks of research systems
*Offers the first true synthesis of the field in over a decade
Ron Brachman has been doing influential work in knowledge representation since the time
of his Ph.D. thesis at Harvard in 1977, the result of which was the KL-ONE system, which
initiated the entire line of research on description logics. For the majority of his career he
served in research management at AT&T, first at Bell Labs and then at AT&T Labs, where
he was Communications Services Research Vice President, and where he built one of the
premier research groups in the world in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Founding Fellow of the
American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), and also a Fellowof the Association for
Computing Machinery (ACM). He is currently President of the AAAI. He served as Secretary-
Treasurer of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) for nine
years. With more than 60 technical publications in knowledge representation and related
areas to his credit, he has led a number of important knowledge representation systems efforts,
including the CLASSIC project at AT&T,which resulted ina commercially deployed systemthat
processedmore than $5 billion worth of equipment orders. Brachman is currently Director of
the Information Processing TechnologyOffice at theU.S.Defense AdvancedResearch Projects
Agency (DARPA), where he is leading a new national-scale initiative in cognitive systems.
Hector Levesque has been teaching knowledge representation and reasoning at the Univer-
sity of Toronto since joining the faculty there in 1984. He has published over 60 research
papers in the area, including three that have won best-paper awards. He has also co-authored
a book on the logic of knowledge bases and the widely used TELL–ASK interface that he
pioneered in his Ph.D. thesis. He and his collaborators have initiated important new lines of
research on a number of topics, including implicit and explicit belief, vivid reasoning, new
methods for satisfiability, and cognitive robotics. In 1985, he became the first non-American
to receive the Computers and Thought Award given by IJCAI. He was the recipient of an
E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada for 1990–1991. Hewas also a Fellowof the Canadian Institute for Advanced
Research from 1984 to 1995, and is a Founding Fellow of the AAAI. He was elected to the
Executive Council of the AAAI, and is on the editorial board of five journals. In 2001, Levesque
was the Conference Chair of the IJCAI-01 conference, and is currently Past President of the
IJCAI Board of Trustees.
Brachman and Levesque have beenworking together on knowledge representation and rea-
soning for more than 25 years. In their early collaborations at BBN and Schlumberger, they
produced widely read work on key issues in the field, as well as several well-known knowledge
representation systems, including KL-ONE, KRYPTON, and KANDOR. They presented a tutorial
on knowledge representation at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence in
1983. In 1984, they coauthored a prize-winning paper at the National Conference on Artificial
Intelligence that is generally regarded as the impetus for an explosion of work in description
logics and which inspired many new research efforts on the tractability of knowledge rep-
resentation systems, including hundreds of research papers. The following year, they edited
a popular collection, Readings in Knowledge Representation, the first text in the area. With
Ray Reiter, they founded and chaired the international conferences on Principles of Knowl-
edge Representation and Reasoning in 1989; these conferences continue on to this day. Since
1992, they have worked together on the course in knowledge representation at the University
of Toronto that is the basis for this book.
评分
评分
评分
评分
《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》这本书对我来说,更像是一次对人工智能“思考”方式的系统性解构。它不提供即用的“AI工具箱”,而是带领你深入了解这些工具背后所依赖的理论基石。我特别着迷于书中关于“语义网络”(semantic networks)和“框架”(frames)的章节,它们不仅仅是历史性的技术回顾,更是对早期人工智能如何尝试模拟人类联想和结构化知识的生动呈现。作者对语义网络的批评性分析,例如它在处理复杂逻辑关系时的局限性,让我意识到任何知识表示方法都存在其固有的取舍。而框架理论则展示了如何通过“槽”(slots)和“填充值”(fillers)来描述概念的属性和实例,以及如何利用“缺省值”(default values)和“侧写”(side effects)来模拟更灵活的推理。这些内容虽然听起来有些抽象,但作者通过一系列精心设计的例子,将这些理论具象化,让我能够清晰地看到它们在构建和操作知识库时的作用。更重要的是,书中对不同知识表示方法的比较分析,揭示了选择何种方法取决于具体的应用场景和问题域,这对于正在构建或研究AI系统的我来说,提供了宝贵的指导。这本书没有回避复杂的数学模型,但它将理论与实践的联系讲解得十分到位,使得即使是相对晦涩的概念,也能被理解其背后的逻辑和意义。
评分《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》这本书,在我看来,更像是一次对人工智能“认知”过程的深层探索。它不仅仅局限于如何存储信息,更关注信息是如何被理解、被关联、被用于解决问题的。我对书中关于“概念学习”(concept learning)和“规则学习”(rule learning)的章节印象深刻。这些章节展示了AI如何从数据中自动提取知识,而不是完全依赖人工的知识工程。例如,书中对“决策树”(decision trees)和“关联规则”(association rules)等学习算法的介绍,以及它们在知识发现中的应用,让我看到了AI从数据中学习模式和规律的强大能力。更重要的是,书中对这些学习过程的理论分析,例如偏差-方差权衡(bias-variance tradeoff)和泛化能力(generalization ability),让我能够更批判性地理解AI模型的性能。这本书没有回避机器学习的复杂性,但它将其置于知识表示和推理的宏观框架下进行审视,让我明白学习到的知识最终需要被有效地表示和利用,才能真正发挥AI的价值。
评分《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》这本书,对我来说,更像是一次关于人工智能“逻辑思维”的深度训练。它没有提供现成的“智能”解决方案,而是带领读者理解那些构成智能的基石。我特别欣赏书中对于“逻辑程序设计”(logic programming)的介绍,尤其是“Prolog”语言的出现,它将逻辑推理本身转化为了一种编程范式。书中对“Horn子句”(Horn clauses)和“SLD-Resolution”等概念的讲解,清晰地展示了如何通过逻辑规则和事实来构建能够进行推理的程序。这让我明白了AI并非仅仅是数值计算,而是可以基于符号和逻辑进行“思考”。此外,书中对“非单调推理”(non-monotonic reasoning)的探讨,例如“缺省逻辑”(default logic)和“析取论理”(circumscription),也让我看到了AI在处理日常生活中常见的情况,即新的信息可能会推翻旧的结论时,如何进行灵活而有效的推理。这些内容让我对AI的推理能力有了更全面和深刻的认识,也让我联想到许多实际应用,例如问题求解、规划和自然语言理解。
评分《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》这本书,对我而言,是一次对人工智能“智慧”源泉的追根溯源。它没有回避理论的深度,而是以一种严谨而系统的方式,将人工智能的知识表示和推理技术进行了梳理和阐释。我被书中关于“本体”(ontologies)和“语义网”(Semantic Web)的章节深深吸引。它详细介绍了本体是如何通过定义概念、属性以及它们之间的关系来构建结构化的知识体系,并阐述了这些体系如何在语义网中实现数据的互操作性和智能搜索。书中对“OWL”(Web Ontology Language)等本体语言的介绍,以及它们在构建大型知识图谱中的作用,让我看到了理论研究如何转化为实际应用,并驱动着信息时代的进步。此外,书中对“推理服务”(reasoning services)的讨论,例如如何利用推理引擎来发现隐藏的知识、验证数据的完整性以及支持智能决策,也让我对AI的实际应用价值有了更深刻的认识。这本书的价值在于,它不仅仅是理论的传授,更是对人工智能如何赋能未来的深刻洞察,为我理解人工智能的未来发展提供了重要的理论基石。
评分《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》这本书,与其说是一本教材,不如说是一次对人工智能“大脑”结构的深入解剖。它循序渐进地展示了如何将现实世界的复杂性转化为机器可以理解和操作的知识形式。我被书中关于“时态逻辑”(temporal logic)和“模态逻辑”(modal logic)的章节深深吸引。时态逻辑帮助我理解了如何表示和推理关于事件发生顺序、持续时间和频率的信息,这对于理解动态系统和规划问题至关重要。而模态逻辑则让我窥见了AI如何处理“可能”、“必然”、“知识”、“信念”等非经典逻辑概念,这对于构建能够理解意图、预测行为甚至进行社会互动的AI系统具有深远意义。作者通过对这些逻辑系统的形式化定义和推理规则的细致讲解,让我明白AI并非简单的模式匹配,而是背后有着严谨的逻辑支撑。书中对于“知识图谱”(knowledge graphs)的早期形态和发展历程的介绍,也让我看到了从符号主义到连接主义,再到知识图谱的演进轨迹,以及各种方法之间的相互借鉴和融合。这本书的价值在于,它不仅教授了“如何做”,更阐释了“为什么这么做”,让我对AI的底层逻辑有了更扎实的理解。
评分我一直对人工智能的“常识推理”(commonsense reasoning)领域非常感兴趣,而《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》这本书在这方面提供了非常详尽的论述。书中对“框架”(frames)和“脚本”(scripts)等早期知识表示方法在模拟人类对日常事件和情境的理解方面的作用进行了深入的探讨。我尤其被书中关于“事件”(events)和“时间”(time)的表示和推理的章节所吸引,它们解释了AI如何理解故事的发生顺序、因果关系以及事件的持续时间,这对于进行自然语言理解、故事生成以及智能体的行为规划至关重要。书中对“物体”(objects)和“属性”(properties)的表示,以及如何处理这些属性的变化和相互作用,也让我对AI如何建立对物理世界的模型有了更清晰的认识。此外,书中对“心理状态”(mental states)的表示,如“信念”(beliefs)和“意图”(intentions),也让我看到了AI在尝试理解人类行为和意图方面的努力,这对于构建能够进行有效人机交互的AI系统具有重要意义。
评分我一直认为,要真正理解人工智能,就必须深入探究其知识表示和推理的底层机制,而《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》这本书正是这样一本优秀的指南。它系统地梳理了人工智能发展历程中涌现出的各种知识表示方法,并对其进行了深入的剖析和比较。我对书中关于“专家系统”(expert systems)的章节尤其着迷,它详细阐述了如何将特定领域的专家知识转化为规则和事实,并利用推理引擎进行问题求解。这种将人类智慧“编码”到机器中的过程,在我看来是人工智能早期最激动人心的成就之一。书中对“知识工程”(knowledge engineering)的挑战和局限性的讨论,也让我认识到构建高质量知识库的艰辛,以及AI发展并非一帆风顺。此外,书中对“语义网”(Semantic Web)概念的介绍,以及它如何利用本体论和知识表示技术来构建一个更智能的互联网,也让我看到了这些理论的广阔应用前景。这本书的价值在于,它不仅讲述了“是什么”,更深刻地揭示了“为什么”和“如何”,为我理解人工智能的演进和发展提供了坚实的理论支撑。
评分初翻开《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》,一股严谨而深邃的学术气息扑面而来。它并非那种能够让你在咖啡馆悠闲翻阅的轻松读物,而更像是一次智识上的深度探索,要求读者投入十二分的精力去理解其内在的逻辑脉络。我尤其对书中关于“本体论”的论述印象深刻,作者没有停留在概念的介绍,而是深入剖析了不同类型本体论的哲学基础,以及它们在构建机器可理解的知识体系中所扮演的关键角色。比如,在描述“类别”(class)和“属性”(attribute)时,作者通过大量严谨的逻辑推理,阐释了如何精确界定这些概念的内涵和外延,以及如何避免概念混淆和歧义。书中对于“继承”(inheritance)机制的探讨也十分精彩,不仅仅是简单地展示了“is-a”关系,更是详细分析了多重继承可能带来的冲突,以及各种解决策略的优劣,这让我看到了人工智能在知识组织和推理方面所面临的挑战,以及理论家们为之付出的不懈努力。此外,书中对“规则”(rules)的表达方式,从逻辑形式到具体实现,都进行了细致的梳理,让我对如何将人类的常识和领域知识转化为机器可以执行的指令有了更深刻的认识。虽然某些章节的篇幅较长,但我认为这是作者为了确保概念的清晰和论证的完备所必需的。总而言之,这是一本值得反复研读的经典之作,每一次重读都能有新的收获和领悟。
评分我发现《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》这本书在知识表示的“表达力”(expressiveness)和“可计算性”(computability)之间找到了一个精妙的平衡点。它并非一味追求理论上的完备,而是更注重实际应用的可行性。书中对“描述逻辑”(description logics)的详细介绍,让我眼前一亮。这些逻辑系统,如ALC及其扩展,能够以一种既具有强大的表达能力,又能在多项式时间内完成推理的方式来描述概念和关系。这对于构建大规模、高性能的知识库,例如在语义网和本体工程领域,显得尤为重要。我特别欣赏作者对于不同描述逻辑公理和推理算法的深入剖析,让我能够理解它们在效率和表达能力上的权衡。此外,书中对“OWL”(Web Ontology Language)等标准化本体语言的提及,也让我看到了理论研究如何转化为实际的工业标准,以及这些标准如何促进了知识共享和互操作性。这本书不仅仅是理论的罗列,更是对如何构建实用、高效的AI知识系统的深刻洞察,为我理解现代AI技术的发展提供了重要的理论基础。
评分我一直对人工智能的“推理”能力充满好奇,而《Knowledge Representation and Reasoning》恰恰满足了我的这份求知欲。它详细阐述了各种推理机制,从最基本的“演绎推理”(deductive reasoning)到更为复杂的“归纳推理”(inductive reasoning)和“溯因推理”(abductive reasoning)。在演绎推理部分,书中对“一阶谓词逻辑”(first-order predicate logic)的介绍尤为详尽,它不仅解释了逻辑公式的构成,还深入探讨了证明的完整性和可靠性问题,这对于构建能够进行精确逻辑运算的AI至关重要。我尤其欣赏作者在讲解“推理引擎”(inference engines)时,将理论的抽象性与实际的算法实现相结合,比如对“分辨率”(resolution)和“自然演绎”(natural deduction)等证明方法的介绍,清晰地展示了机器是如何进行逻辑推导的。书中对“不确定性推理”(reasoning under uncertainty)的讨论,比如“概率推理”(probabilistic reasoning)和“证据理论”(Dempster-Shafer theory),更是让我看到了AI在面对现实世界中充满模糊和不确定信息时的强大潜力。这些内容不仅仅是理论上的探讨,更让我联想到许多实际应用,如专家系统、诊断系统以及自然语言理解等领域,都离不开这些精密的推理技术。
评分虽然此书没有认真看,但总算是把学年论文题定下来了。。
评分虽然此书没有认真看,但总算是把学年论文题定下来了。。
评分大牛书。。狂荐。。不过貌似友邻没有搞AI的。。
评分推荐给所有低年级计算机或者工科学生。可以成为一本简短的智慧之门。看了之后你会隐约感觉到西方科技的思维基础。如果想就某方面进行更深入探讨,这本书却不是首选。
评分推荐给所有低年级计算机或者工科学生。可以成为一本简短的智慧之门。看了之后你会隐约感觉到西方科技的思维基础。如果想就某方面进行更深入探讨,这本书却不是首选。
本站所有内容均为互联网搜索引擎提供的公开搜索信息,本站不存储任何数据与内容,任何内容与数据均与本站无关,如有需要请联系相关搜索引擎包括但不限于百度,google,bing,sogou 等
© 2026 book.quotespace.org All Rights Reserved. 小美书屋 版权所有