圖書標籤: 認知科學 現象學 哲學 心靈哲學 身心 心理學 認知 心靈
发表于2024-12-23
How the Body Shapes the Mind pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
How the Body Shapes the Mind is an interdisciplinary work that addresses philosophical questions by appealing to evidence found in experimental psychology, neuroscience, studies of pathologies, and developmental psychology. There is a growing consensus across these disciplines that the contribution of embodiment to cognition is inescapable. Because this insight has been developed across a variety of disciplines, however, there is still a need to develop a common vocabulary that is capable of integrating discussions of brain mechanisms in neuroscience, behavioural expressions in psychology, design concerns in artificial intelligence and robotics, and debates about embodied experience in the phenomenology and philosophy of mind. Shaun Gallagher's book aims to contribute to the formulation of that common vocabulary and to develop a conceptual framework that will avoid both the overly reductionistic approaches that explain everything in terms of bottom-up neuronal mechanisms, and inflationistic approaches that explain everything in terms of Cartesian, top-down cognitive states. Gallagher pursues two basic sets of questions. The first set consists of questions about the phenomenal aspects of the structure of experience, and specifically the relatively regular and constant features that we find in the content of our experience. If throughout conscious experience there is a constant reference to one's own body, even if this is a recessive or marginal awareness, then that reference constitutes a structural feature of the phenomenal field of consciousness, part of a framework that is likely to determine or influence all other aspects of experience. The second set of questions concerns aspects of the structure of experience that are more hidden, those that may be more difficult to get at because they happen before we know it. They do not normally enter into the content of experience in an explicit way, and are often inaccessible to reflective consciousness. To what extent, and in what ways, are consciousness and cognitive processes, which include experiences related to perception, memory, imagination, belief, judgement, and so forth, shaped or structured by the fact that they are embodied in this way?
A collection of Gallagher's ideas in the last 30 years. Highly recommended!
評分A collection of Gallagher's ideas in the last 30 years. Highly recommended!
評分實驗建模 自我與他者 模仿的能力
評分Gallagher代錶瞭一種普遍的研究進路,即將現象學的命題經驗科學化,用認知神經科學、發展心理學的成果來支撐現象學有關身體的論斷。作者對經驗例子的選擇很用心,突齣體現瞭心靈並非以簡單的輸入-輸齣模式工作,種種感覺模態(sensory modality,如視覺、聽覺、觸覺)之間、身體圖式和身體圖像之間也不是截然相分的。知覺的自下而上模型也為自上而下(top-down)模型所取代。比較成問題的是有關“天賦”(innateness)的定義:在解釋經驗研究的成果時,天賦性不是被定義成嬰兒齣生時所具有的性質,就是被定義成為基因所決定的性質,而這兩種定義都並非哲學意義上的先天性的定義。這樣做的結果實則是模糊瞭先天與後天的界限,例如新生兒嚴格說來已經有相當程度的經驗瞭,關於它們的研究揭示的並不是先天性。
評分A collection of Gallagher's ideas in the last 30 years. Highly recommended!
評分
評分
評分
評分
How the Body Shapes the Mind pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024