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What is life? Fifty years after physicist Erwin Schrodinger posed this question in his celebrated and inspiring book, the answer remains elusive. In The Way of the Cell, one of the world's most respected microbiologists draws on his wide knowledge of contemporary science to provide fresh insight into this intriguing and all-important question. What is the relationship of living things to the inanimate realm of chemistry and physics? How do lifeless but special chemicals come together to form those intricate dynamic ensembles that we recognize as life? To shed light on these questions, Franklin Harold focuses here on microorganisms-in particular, the supremely well-researched bacterium E. coli-because the cell is the simplest level of organization that manifests all the features of the phenomenon of life. Harold shows that as simple as they appear when compared to ourselves, every cell displays a dynamic pattern in space and time, orders of magnitude richer than its elements. It integrates the writhings and couplings of billions of molecules into a coherent whole, draws matter and energy into itself, constructs and reproduces its own order, and persists in this manner for numberless generations while continuously adapting to a changing world. A cell constitutes a unitary whole, a unit of life, and in this volume one of the leading authorities on the cell gives us a vivid picture of what goes on within this minute precinct. The result is a richly detailed, meticulously crafted account of what modern science can tell us about life as well as one scientist's personal attempt to wring understanding from the tide of knowledge.

Frank Harold was born in Germany, grew up in the Middle East and was educated at the City College of New York and the University of California at Berkeley. His professional career spans forty years of research and teaching, mostly in Colorado; he is presently Professor Emeritus of biochemistry at Colorado State University. Dr. Harold’s scientific interests center on the physiology, energetics and morphogenesis of microorganisms,and he is a member of the American Academy of Microbiology.He is also a keen traveler and outdoorsman, and a lifelong student of Asian history and civilizations.

Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Schro¨dinger’s Riddle 1
2 The Quality of Life 9
3 Cells in Nature and in Theory 17
4 Molecular Logic 33
5 A (almost) Comprehensible Cell 63
6 It Takes a Cell To Make a Cell 99
7 Morphogenesis: Where Form and Function Meet 117
8 The Advance of the Microbes 159
9 By Descent with Modification 189
10 So What is Life? 217
11 Searching for the Beginning 235
Epilogue 253
Notes 259
References 270
Glossary 289
Index
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