Edward J. M. Rhoads is professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of China's Republican Revolution: The Case of Kwangtung, 1895-1913.Winner of the Joseph Levenson Book Prize for Modern China, sponsored by The China and Inner Asia Council of the Association for Asian Studies
China's 1911-12 Revolution, which overthrew a 2000-year succession of dynasties, is thought of primarily as a change in governmental style, from imperial to republican, traditional to modern. But given that the dynasty that was overthrown—the Qing—was that of a minority ethnic group that had ruled China's Han majority for nearly three centuries, and that the revolutionaries were overwhelmingly Han, to what extent was the revolution not only anti-monarchical, but also anti-Manchu?
Edward Rhoads explores this provocative and complicated question in Manchus and Han, analyzing the evolution of the Manchus from a hereditary military caste (the "banner people") to a distinct ethnic group and then detailing the interplay and dialogue between the Manchu court and Han reformers that culminated in the dramatic changes of the early 20th century.
Until now, many scholars have assumed that the Manchus had been assimilated into Han culture long before the 1911 Revolution and were no longer separate and distinguishable. But Rhoads demonstrates that in many ways Manchus remained an alien, privileged, and distinct group. Manchus and Han is a pathbreaking study that will forever change the way historians of China view the events leading to the fall of the Qing dynasty. Likewise, it will clarify for ethnologists the unique origin of the Manchus as an occupational caste and their shifting relationship with the Han, from border people to rulers to ruled.
——读(美)路康乐著《满与汉:晚清到民国初期的族群关系与政治权力,1861—1928》 中央民族大学管理学院 吴磊 徐永志 摘要:美国学者路康乐所著《满与汉:晚清到民国初期的族群关系与政治权力,1861—1928》一书,运用“民族—社会”的视角,着重分析了清末民初政治变革背景...
評分摘要:透过族群关系,路康乐提出了一系列问题:谁是满,谁是汉?义和团运动后革命党人是怎样批评满人的?在满人统治中国两百多年后,满汉到底有多大的区别?清政府是怎样处理这些批评的?满汉畛域是否有所弥合?关于汉满关系,清廷到底是有所作为或是无所作为而导致精英与之分...
評分辛亥革命时鲜为人知的屠杀 10月24日,西安的满城沦陷了。随着革命军从南面和西面潮水般涌入,他们把捕获的所有居民看作潜在的敌人,不由分说地进行了杀戮。……如果八旗驻防城市的人口是两万人,那么一半人都死了。而且,满城被大规模抢劫一空。 这是辛亥革命爆发时...
評分摘要:透过族群关系,路康乐提出了一系列问题:谁是满,谁是汉?义和团运动后革命党人是怎样批评满人的?在满人统治中国两百多年后,满汉到底有多大的区别?清政府是怎样处理这些批评的?满汉畛域是否有所弥合?关于汉满关系,清廷到底是有所作为或是无所作为而导致精英与之分...
評分短评写不下了 以满汉/旗民关系的角度梳理了晚清史,讲得很多很全。就是历史整理和ethnic relations分析有时候有点脱节,时而不知道自己是在看啥。 我看有人说不买账满/八旗文化对汉文化影响,我觉得这个我还是买账的,但我实在是不太买账这个旗人=满人的等号... 话是这么说,但...
感覺是為瞭反駁Mary Wright而專門寫瞭本書一樣,這一定是真愛。以及那麼多次引用老捨真的大丈夫嗎……
评分一周目刷的中文版,二周目刷的英文版,還是英文版好看。當然看得人很生氣就是瞭,時而覺得載灃是不是傻,時而又覺得,經過太平天國那麼一摺騰,其實君主立憲製無論如何在中國都不太可能瞭吧。哎……這纔是真實版的“上帝死瞭,我們需要超人臨世”。可問題是,Mao's dead, so is his China.
评分將滿族構建認同與滿漢關係問題延展到清朝最末期,與歐柯接續而又有分歧,強調滿族/滿人形成的政治性。最早確有皇太極溯源語言文化和神話,但盛清時更多錶現為八旗分區駐防、朝廷恩寵、社會隔離、文化差異(服裝、語言、不纏足)職業差異(世襲旗兵或不經科舉當官)而形成軍事職業共同體,基於政治權力與精英封閉循環,旗製亦逐漸和滿人概念交纏而旗滿一體,相應地非旗/滿的漢人精英亦逐步塑造雙方認同。晚清改革觸動旗人利益,漢族精英多次提齣旗人優待與宗親權力過大問題,但慈禧奕匡載灃均未全心意推動清理,最終授予激進革命黨口實,暴力革命中權力訴求亦夾雜排滿情緒,也是在革命中滿族/滿人概念確立於民族/族群歧異。民國後為接管清代疆域而優待清室、五族共和,亦進一步確立滿人為族之念,至PRC方以基於自我認同之劃分確立狹隘的滿族。
评分作者中文功底還是很深厚的,史料也很到位,關於此書看過的最好評論是狄宇宙寫的。對照漢譯本,就某章的個彆“foreigners”被翻譯成“列強”這一點,我再也不敢相信漢譯的海外漢學瞭……
评分細節很多,但沒有對滿漢關係與清朝滅亡的關聯提齣什麼新解釋
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