具体描述
The Gulag—a vast array of Soviet concentration camps that held millions of political and criminal prisoners—was a system of repression and punishment that terrorized the entire society, embodying the worst tendencies of Soviet communism. In this magisterial and acclaimed history, Anne Applebaum offers the first fully documented portrait of the Gulag, from its origins in the Russian Revolution, through its expansion under Stalin, to its collapse in the era of glasnost. Applebaum intimately re-creates what life was like in the camps and links them to the larger history of the Soviet Union. Immediately recognized as a landmark and long-overdue work of scholarship, Gulag is an essential book for anyone who wishes to understand the history of the twentieth century.
Winner of the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.
Finalist for the 2003 National Book Award, Nonfiction.
作者简介
Anne Applebaum is a columnist and member of the editorial board of the Washington Post. A graduate of Yale and a Marshall Scholar, she has worked as the foreign and deputy editor of the Spectator (London), as the Warsaw correspondent for the Economist, and as a columnist for the online magazine Slate, as well as for several British newspapers. Her work has also appeared in the New York Review of Books, Foreign Affairs, and the Wall Street Journal, among many other publications. She lives in Washington, D.C., with her husband, Radek Sikorski, and two children
Biography
Anne Applebaum is a columnist and member of the editorial board of The Washington Post.
She began working as a journalist in 1988, when she moved to Poland to become the Warsaw correspondent for the Economist. She eventually covered the collapse of communism across Central and Eastern Europe, writing for a wide range of newspapers and magazines.
Returning to London in 1992, she became the Foreign Editor, and later Deputy Editor, of the Spectator magazine. Following that, she wrote a weekly column on British politics and foreign affairs, which appeared at different times in the Daily Telegraph, the Sunday Telegraph, and the Evening Standard newspapers. She covered the 1997 British election campaign as the Evening Standard's political editor. For several years, she wrote the "Foreigners" column in Slate magazine.
Her first book, Between East and West: Across the Borderlands of Europe, described a journey through Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus, then on the verge of independence. Her second book, Gulag: A History, narrates the history of the Soviet concentration camp system and describes daily life in the camps. It makes extensive use of recently-opened Russian archives.
Over the years, her writing has appeared in The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, The International Herald Tribune, Foreign Affairs, The Boston Globe, The Independent, The Guardian, Commentaire, Suddeutsche Zeitung, Newsweek, The New Criterion, The Weekly Standard, The New Republic, The New York Review of Books, The National Review, The New Statesman, The Times Literary Supplement and the Literary Review, among others. She has appeared as a guest and as a presenter on many radio and television programs, among them BBC's Newsnight, The Today Progamme, The Week in Westminster, as well as CNN, MSNBC, CBS and Sky News.
Anne Applebaum was born in Washington, D.C. in 1964. After graduating from Yale University, she was a Marshall Scholar at the London School of Economics and St. Antony's College, Oxford. In 1992 she won the Charles Douglas-Home Memorial Trust award for journalism in the ex-Soviet Union. Between East and West won an Adolph Bentinck prize for European non-fiction in 1996. Her husband, Radek Sikorski, is a Polish politician and writer. They have two children, Alexander and Tadeusz.
Author biography courtesy of Anne Applebaum's official web site.
目录信息
Introduction
Pt. 1 The Origins of the Gulag, 1917-1939
1 Bolshevik Beginnings 3
2 "The First Camp of the Gulag" 18
3 1929: The Great Turning Point 41
4 The White Sea Canal 58
5 The Camps Expand 73
6 The Great Terror and Its Aftermath 92
Pt. 2 Life and Work in the Camps
7 Arrest 121
8 Prison 146
9 Transport, Arrival, Selection 159
10 Life in the Camps 183
11 Work in the Camps 216
12 Punishment and Reward 242
13 The Guards 256
14 The Prisoners 280
15 Women and Children 307
16 The Dying 334
17 Strategies of Survival 344
18 Rebellion and Escape 390
Pt. 3 The Rise and Fall of The Camp-Industrial Complex, 1940-1986
19 The War Begins 411
20 "Strangers" 420
21 Amnesty - and Afterward 445
22 The Zenith of the Camp-Industrial Complex 460
23 The Death of Stalin 476
24 The Zeks' Revolution 484
25 Thaw - and Release 506
26 The Era of the Dissidents 527
27 The 1980s: Smashing Statues 552
Epilogue: Memory 564
App How Many? 578
Notes 587
Bibliography 637
Glossary 655
Text and Illustration Permissions 659
Index 661
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
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评分古拉格的发展可以大致分为以下阶段：列宁时代的古拉格有很强乌托邦幻想色彩并追求经济效益(虽然基本赔本)，意图用一种劳动改造取代监狱，很讽刺的是富农可以利用资产获得非常优渥的住宿条件，而政治犯也被特别对待，劳动重负结果压倒了“犯罪”贫农(主要是偷窃，偷懒)身上。 斯...
评分这本书，你知道它的分量，清楚它的意义，却迟迟不敢翻开。因为它是一座山，翻越它不仅需要时间、需要忍耐、更需要极大的勇气。拿起这本大部头，我屡次开始，又屡次中止，往往一个片段或是一个场景的还原描述，就足以让我落荒而逃。我只能这样鼓励着自己：翻越它，你看到的世界...
评分作者很客观的节选和编排了当事人回忆录。 不得不说，章节编排的很好，循序渐进。从开始一直讲到古拉格体系崩溃和后记。 每个章节中尽量出现不同观点双方的回忆录，这样做虽然做到了客观，但也使读者不知道哪一种是更为普遍。 在这样的科学编排下 大致印象是前期政治犯的特殊待...
用户评价
这本书的结构设计堪称精妙绝伦，它采用了多线叙事的手法，看似松散的片段却在故事的深处编织成一张无形的网。作者高超的叙事技巧体现在他对时间流逝的灵活处理上，有时是漫长得令人窒息的等待，有时又是突如其来的变故，这种时空上的错位感，极大地增强了阅读的张力。更值得称道的是，作者对细节的捕捉能力，那些日常生活中极微小的物件，在特定的语境下都被赋予了重大的象征意义，让人不得不去深挖其背后的隐喻。我尤其欣赏作者在保持客观性的同时，又巧妙地注入了对个体命运的深切关怀。它没有简单地将人物脸谱化，反而是通过他们细微的选择和反应，揭示了复杂的人性光谱。读完后，我感觉自己像经历了一场漫长的洗礼，对“生存”这个概念有了全新的、更加深刻的理解。这本书的语言风格冷峻而富有诗意，它用最克制的方式，讲述了最激烈的故事，这种反差带来的冲击力是巨大的。
评分这本书最让我震撼的地方，在于它对“希望”这个主题的探讨，它并没有提供廉价的安慰或虚假的圆满，而是将希望描绘成一种极其稀有且代价高昂的奢侈品。人物为了维护心中那点微弱的火光，所付出的努力和牺牲，读来令人心碎。作者的笔法非常老练，他成功地将宏大的历史背景与微观的个人体验熔为一炉，使得读者在关注历史进程的同时，也能对屏幕上那些鲜活的灵魂产生强烈的共情。书中的环境描写，不只是为了烘托气氛，更像是某种看不见的、有形的压力，时刻挤压着人物的生存空间。我特别喜欢作者在关键转折点所使用的那种不动声色的叙述方式，没有激烈的感叹号，只有令人脊背发凉的平静陈述，这种克制反而比任何夸张的描绘都更有力量。这本书的价值在于，它迫使我们正视那些被时代洪流掩埋的真实个体，他们的声音，值得被我们倾听和铭记。
评分这是一部具有强大内爆力量的作品，它不需要外在的戏剧性冲突来吸引人，其核心的张力来自于人物被压抑的内在世界。作者在语言的使用上展现出了一种近乎冷酷的精准度，他对词汇的选择极具考量，每一个形容词和动词都像手术刀一样锋利，直指核心。我发现自己不由自主地开始模仿书中人物的思考模式，去推演他们在那种环境下可能做出的选择，这种沉浸式的体验是很多流畅易读的小说无法提供的。这本书的叙事视角在不同人物之间游走切换，虽然频繁，但过渡自然流畅，反而增加了故事的立体感和多维度性，让人能从不同的角度去理解事件的发生和演变。它不是那种读完就能轻松放下的书，它会像一个顽固的幽灵一样，持续在你脑海中盘旋，不断提出关于道德、生存意志和人类韧性的诘问。这本书的深度和广度都达到了一个很高的水平，绝对是值得反复咀嚼的文学瑰宝。
评分我必须说，这本书的文本密度非常高，每一句话都似乎经过了千锤百炼，没有一句是多余的赘述。它的魅力在于其强大的“留白”艺术，作者从不将话说死，而是将解读的空间留给了读者，引发我们主动去填充那些未被言明的痛苦与挣扎。我花了很长时间去消化其中关于集体心理和个体异化的那几段论述，它们触及了社会学和心理学领域一些非常深刻的问题，但完全没有枯燥的说教感，而是完美地融入了故事情节之中。这本书的节奏是缓慢而沉稳的，像一部史诗般的画卷，需要耐心去品味其中的层次和肌理。初读时可能会感到有些晦涩，但坚持下去，你会发现那些看似杂乱无章的线索是如何最终汇集成一个宏大而震撼的主题的。它要求读者投入百分之百的专注力，但回报你的，是远超预期的精神震撼。这是一部需要被反复阅读和沉思的作品，每次重温都会有新的感悟。
评分这本书的叙事笔触细腻得像是直接将人拉进了那个特定的年代，作者对于环境的描摹简直是令人毛骨悚然的精准。我几乎能闻到空气中弥漫的寒冷和绝望，那种深入骨髓的压抑感，透过纸张都能清晰地传递过来。人物的内心挣扎被刻画得极为立体，他们如何在极端的困境中试图抓住一丝人性的光辉，或者彻底沦为体制的工具，这些复杂性远超一般作品的浅尝辄止。尤其是一些配角的命运，虽然着墨不多，但那种一闪而过的悲剧色彩，却在脑海中留下了深刻的烙印，让人久久不能平静。这本书的节奏把握得非常到位，不是那种刻意制造高潮的流水账，而是如同缓慢收紧的绞索，让人在不知不觉中体会到那种无望的紧迫感。阅读过程中，我时常需要停下来，仅仅是深呼吸，整理一下思绪，才能继续往下翻。它不仅仅是一个故事，更像是一份沉重的历史记录，用艺术的手法让我们直面人性在极端考验下的脆弱与坚韧。这本书的后劲十足，读完合上书的那一刻，世界仿佛都安静了下来，只剩下那些无声的呐喊在耳边回响。
评分看了半年！
评分震撼的历史。没人翻译么，这么精彩的一本书……
评分纳粹之恶，举世皆知，而与之不相伯仲的共产主义之恶，或说斯大林之恶，无论俄国人自己，还是西方，都还不情愿面对。作者力图表现列宁执政到苏东巨变这近七十年时间里，这个被缩称为“古拉格”的奴工体系，如何管理、折磨包括作奸犯科的罪犯，和以各种名义未经审判或刑讯逼供投入这个体系的所谓“政治犯”。政治犯们所受的折磨和最终无名地死亡，其惨已经无法用言语形容。作者耙梳史料、回忆录、公开文件，最终以史家般谨严的文字一桩桩描述出来，读来如入地狱。而读完以后，我简直如同脱胎换骨，看世界的眼光都不同了。
评分每个人都应该读一读。
评分看了半年！
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