圖書標籤: 認知心理學 心理學 cognition 交互設計 集體智慧 語言的起源 認知科學哲學 認知科學
发表于2024-12-24
Cognition in the Wild (Bradford Books) pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
Edwin Hutchins combines his background as an anthropologist and an open ocean racing sailor and navigator in this account of how anthropological methods can be combined with cognitive theory to produce a new reading of cognitive science. His theoretical insights are grounded in an extended analysis of ship navigation - its computational basis, its historical roots, its social organization, and the details of its implementation in actual practice aboard large ships. The result is an unusual interdisciplinary approach to cognition in culturally constituted activities outside the laboratory - "in the wild."
Hutchins examines a set of phenomena that have fallen in the cracks between the established disciplines of psychology and anthropology, bringing to light a new set of relationships between culture and cognition. The standard view is that culture affects the cognition of individuals. Hutchins argues instead that cultural activity systems have cognitive properties of their own that are different from the cognitive properties of the individuals who participate in them. Each action for bringing a large naval vessel into port, for example, is informed by culture: the navigation team can be seen as a cognitive and computational system.
Introducing Navy life and work on the bridge, Hutchins makes a clear distinction between the cognitive properties of an individual and the cognitive properties of a system. In striking contrast to the usual laboratory tasks of research in cognitive science, he applies the principal metaphor of cognitive science - cognition as computation (adopting David Marr's paradigm) - to the navigation task. After comparing modern Western navigation with the method practiced in Micronesia, Hutchins explores the computational and cognitive properties of systems that are larger than an individual. He then turns to an analysis of learning or change in the organization of cognitive systems at several scales.
Hutchins's conclusion illustrates the costs of ignoring the cultural nature of cognition, pointing to the ways in which contemporary cognitive science can be transformed by new meanings and interpretations.
A Bradford Book
哈欽斯(E.Hutchins) 哈欽斯曾是約翰(D.John)和凱瑟琳(T.Catherine)麥剋阿瑟基金會(MacA rthur Foundation Fellow)的創建者,現為加利福尼亞大學聖地亞哥分校(University of CaIifornia,San DiegO)認知科學係(Department of Cognitive Science)教授。其代錶作有Culture and infrence:A Trobriand Case Study(1980),Cognilion in the Wild (1995)。他是認知科學中分布式認知研究綱領的主要提齣者和推動者。
重點不在調和認知主義和行為主義,或者給延展心靈的學說加上瞭文化的維度。重點有種蓋亞假說的意思,把知識與環境作為整體,個體始終是人類的一員。認知主義和還原論因此失效,計算機和人腦的類比也因此失效,因為演算的規則隻是規則,其所有意義並不保存於個體的意識之中。
評分重點不在調和認知主義和行為主義,或者給延展心靈的學說加上瞭文化的維度。重點有種蓋亞假說的意思,把知識與環境作為整體,個體始終是人類的一員。認知主義和還原論因此失效,計算機和人腦的類比也因此失效,因為演算的規則隻是規則,其所有意義並不保存於個體的意識之中。
評分重點不在調和認知主義和行為主義,或者給延展心靈的學說加上瞭文化的維度。重點有種蓋亞假說的意思,把知識與環境作為整體,個體始終是人類的一員。認知主義和還原論因此失效,計算機和人腦的類比也因此失效,因為演算的規則隻是規則,其所有意義並不保存於個體的意識之中。
評分重點不在調和認知主義和行為主義,或者給延展心靈的學說加上瞭文化的維度。重點有種蓋亞假說的意思,把知識與環境作為整體,個體始終是人類的一員。認知主義和還原論因此失效,計算機和人腦的類比也因此失效,因為演算的規則隻是規則,其所有意義並不保存於個體的意識之中。
評分重點不在調和認知主義和行為主義,或者給延展心靈的學說加上瞭文化的維度。重點有種蓋亞假說的意思,把知識與環境作為整體,個體始終是人類的一員。認知主義和還原論因此失效,計算機和人腦的類比也因此失效,因為演算的規則隻是規則,其所有意義並不保存於個體的意識之中。
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Cognition in the Wild (Bradford Books) pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024