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The philosophy of perception is a microcosm of the metaphysics of mind. Its central problems--What is perception? What is the nature of perceptual consciousness? How can one fit an account of perceptual experience into a broader account of the nature of the mind and the world?--are at the heart of metaphysics. Rather than try to cover all of the many strands in the philosophy of perception, this book focuses on a particular orthodoxy about the nature of visual perception.The central problem for visual science has been to explain how the brain bridges the gap between what is given to the visual system and what is actually experienced by the perceiver. The orthodox view of perception is that it is a process whereby the brain, or a dedicated subsystem of the brain, builds up representations of relevant figures of the environment on the basis of information encoded by the sensory receptors. Most adherents of the orthodox view also believe that for every conscious perceptual state of the subject, there is a particular set of neurons whose activities are sufficient for the occurrence of that state. Some of the essays in this book defend the orthodoxy; most criticize it; and some propose alternatives to it. Many of the essays are classics. The contributors include, among others, G. E. M. Anscombe, Dana Ballard, Daniel Dennett, Fred Dretske, Jerry Fodor, H. P. Grice, David Marr, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Zenon Pylyshyn, Paul Snowdon, and P. F. Strawson.

Preface vii
Sources ix
1 Introduction 1
Alva Noë and Evan Thompson
2 Selections from Phenomenology of Perception 15
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
3 Some Remarks about the Senses 35
H. P. Grice
4 The Intentionality of Sensation: A Grammatical Feature 55
G. E. M. Anscombe
5 A Theory of Direct Visual Perception 77
James J. Gibson
6 Perception and Its Objects 91
P. F. Strawson
7 Perceptions as Hypotheses 111
Richard L. Gregory
8 Veridical Hallucination and Prosthetic Vision 135
David Lewis
9 Perception, Vision and Causation 151
Paul Snowdon
10 How Direct Is Visual Perception?: Some Reflections on Gibson’s
“Ecological Approach” 167
Jerry A. Fodor and Zenon W. Pylshyn
11 Selections from Vision 229
David Marr
12 Sensation and the Content of Experience: A Distinction 267
Christopher Peacocke
13 Linking Propositions 289
Davida Y. Teller
14 Molyneux’s Question 319
Gareth Evans
15 Ways of Coloring: Comparative Color Vision as a Case Study
for Cognitive Science 351
Evan Thompson, Adrian Palacios, and Francisco J. Varela
16 Conscious Experience 419
Fred Dretske
17 The Content of Perceptual Experience 443
John McDowell
18 On the Function of Visual Representation 459
Dana H. Ballard
19 Seeing Is Believing—Or Is It? 481
Daniel C. Dennett
20 Sensory Substitution and Qualia 497
Paul Bach-y-Rita
21 The Visual Brain in Action 515
A. David Milner and Melvyn A. Goodale
22 What Is a Neural Correlate of Consciousness? 531
David J. Chalmers
23 On the Brain-Basis of Visual Consciousness: A Sensorimotor Account 567
Alva Noë and J. Kevin O’Regan
Index 599
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