This book develops an original theory of group and organizational behavior that cuts across disciplinary lines and illustrates the theory with empirical and historical studies of particular organizations. Applying economic analysis to the subjects of the political scientist, sociologist, and economist, Mr. Olson examines the extent to which the individuals that share a common interest find it in their individual interest to bear the costs of the organizational effort.
The theory shows that most organizations produce what the economist calls "public goods"--goods or services that are available to every member, whether or not he has borne any of the costs of providing them. Economists have long understood that defense, law and order were public goods that could not be marketed to individuals, and that taxation was necessary. They have not, however, taken account of the fact that private as well as governmental organizations produce public goods.
Mancur Lloyd Olson, Jr. (pronounced /ˈmænsər/[1] or /ˈmæŋkər/; January 22, 1932 – February 19, 1998) was a leading American economist and social scientist who, at the time of his death, worked at the University of Maryland, College Park. Among other areas, he made contributions to institutional economics on the role of private property, taxation, public goods, collective action and contract rights in economic development. Olson focused on the logical basis of interest group membership and participation. The reigning political theories of his day granted groups an almost primordial status. Some appealed to a natural human instinct for herding, others ascribed the formation of groups that are rooted in kinship to the process of modernization. Olson offered a radically different account of the logical basis of organized collective action.
上“行政学经典著作和前沿问题”的博士生课需要阅读大量的文献,并从中学会研究问题的方法,今天课上重点讨论的是David M. Hart的《奥尔森理论的再验证》(Political Representation Among Dominant Firms: Revisiting the "Olsonian Hypothesis"),涉及到对奥尔森集体行动...
評分《集体行动的逻辑》的读后感 老师在这本书中提出的引导性问题是关于“在国家政治中,利益集团是一种好的力量还是坏的力量”。有关集体的行动代表的是一种关于利益集团理论的运作过程。集体顾名思义,就是有共同利益的个人为了某种利己的目的而汇集在一起所形成的团体。而集体行...
評分大致地看了一下奥尔森的《集体行动的逻辑》,总感觉着一直在围绕着一个主题——“利益”,各种各样的利益,无论哪种行为,最终都会被归结为简单的利益,这的确也是十分简单的道理,或许这与我们曾经接受过的一些东西发生了冲突,给人一种三观混乱的感觉,我不知道该如何评价他...
評分奥尔森的这本《集体行动的逻辑》,是建立在理性人的假设基础上的。传统的看法认为“有共同利益的个人组成的集团通常总是试图增进那些共同的利益”,比如马克思的阶级观、民主国家中的“罢工”行为等。但是奥尔森教授从理性的“个体”展开研究之后,认为在大规模群体的集体...
Thesis: Members of large groups tend not to sacrifice for collective good.
评分對於此書褒揚和運用已經甚多,無須贅述。反而有另外幾點值得提齣。一是,運用此書經常是批評大政府、階級政治等理念的無效,因為個人不肯貢獻力量取得公共品,但其實更好的運用可能是“逆用”或針對其問題的思考,即如何針對理性個人維護私利的特性,設計齣有效的激勵或威懾體製動員個人投身組織;二是,奧爾森把組織的公共品和選擇性激勵/私人收益截然分開,似乎值得商榷,這兩者或許在有重閤的時候能鼓勵個人行動(如諾斯所言),選擇性激勵也可以是所得公共品的優先分配—所以這裏公共利益在組織行動前後的性質會發生嬗變?三是,奧爾森的理論已經指明瞭交易成本(他稱為談判成本)在組織中的重要作用,比新製度經濟學諸君早;最後,不同於許多時人,書中清楚錶示理性人和經濟理論運用有其局限,此書無法涵蓋許多社會政治宗教方麵集體行動。
评分三個和尚沒水喝...
评分20150510.從經濟學齣發,幫助解讀conflict,挺有新意的。
评分“搭便車”的概念從此深入骨髓
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