圖書標籤: 經濟學 政治學 社會學 集體行動 economics 社會理論 奧爾森 MancurOlson
发表于2025-03-12
The Logic of Collective Action pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2025
This book develops an original theory of group and organizational behavior that cuts across disciplinary lines and illustrates the theory with empirical and historical studies of particular organizations. Applying economic analysis to the subjects of the political scientist, sociologist, and economist, Mr. Olson examines the extent to which the individuals that share a common interest find it in their individual interest to bear the costs of the organizational effort.
The theory shows that most organizations produce what the economist calls "public goods"--goods or services that are available to every member, whether or not he has borne any of the costs of providing them. Economists have long understood that defense, law and order were public goods that could not be marketed to individuals, and that taxation was necessary. They have not, however, taken account of the fact that private as well as governmental organizations produce public goods.
Mancur Lloyd Olson, Jr. (pronounced /ˈmænsər/[1] or /ˈmæŋkər/; January 22, 1932 – February 19, 1998) was a leading American economist and social scientist who, at the time of his death, worked at the University of Maryland, College Park. Among other areas, he made contributions to institutional economics on the role of private property, taxation, public goods, collective action and contract rights in economic development. Olson focused on the logical basis of interest group membership and participation. The reigning political theories of his day granted groups an almost primordial status. Some appealed to a natural human instinct for herding, others ascribed the formation of groups that are rooted in kinship to the process of modernization. Olson offered a radically different account of the logical basis of organized collective action.
奧爾森是個天纔,博論做成這個樣子,語言清晰簡明邏輯清楚直白,實在厲害。讀罷前兩章的感覺,就是好像在理論內部的挑錯完全進行不瞭瞭——他總是用長注堵住人的嘴:我都想到瞭哇!可是仔細想想,他的理論在這學期課程討論的抗爭政治意義上的集體行動中確實不太適用,大概有以下幾個原因:第一,抗爭政治群體的邊界是更流動的,很難確定某一特定時間節點的總體規模,這樣大小群體的區分不是被否定就是被弱化瞭;第二,抗爭政治的結果是高度不確定的,和公共品的提供不同,沒有人能真正計算齣potential benefit來——即使可以,也高度不精確;最後,group size的乘數效應在抗爭政治中更加明顯:抗爭多瞭一個人本身就帶來大量的顯性和隱性收益,小團體的抗爭除非組織強大、目標明確、對象好找,否則失敗的幾率更高。
評分對於此書褒揚和運用已經甚多,無須贅述。反而有另外幾點值得提齣。一是,運用此書經常是批評大政府、階級政治等理念的無效,因為個人不肯貢獻力量取得公共品,但其實更好的運用可能是“逆用”或針對其問題的思考,即如何針對理性個人維護私利的特性,設計齣有效的激勵或威懾體製動員個人投身組織;二是,奧爾森把組織的公共品和選擇性激勵/私人收益截然分開,似乎值得商榷,這兩者或許在有重閤的時候能鼓勵個人行動(如諾斯所言),選擇性激勵也可以是所得公共品的優先分配—所以這裏公共利益在組織行動前後的性質會發生嬗變?三是,奧爾森的理論已經指明瞭交易成本(他稱為談判成本)在組織中的重要作用,比新製度經濟學諸君早;最後,不同於許多時人,書中清楚錶示理性人和經濟理論運用有其局限,此書無法涵蓋許多社會政治宗教方麵集體行動。
評分這本寫得真挺好看的。果然喜歡case呢
評分不錯
評分members of large groups have no incentives to take collective action to obtain collective goods
我一直想不清楚工会的问题。认同经济学原理的人,基本都会认可,工会对于工人作为一整体的福祉是有害无益的。如果在劳动力市场上有许多剩余劳力,老板要是受不了工会了,只需要把工人全都辞退,雇一批新人就可以了(当然为此要付一点成本)。工会的作用,只不过给劳动力市场增...
評分《集体行动的逻辑》的读后感 老师在这本书中提出的引导性问题是关于“在国家政治中,利益集团是一种好的力量还是坏的力量”。有关集体的行动代表的是一种关于利益集团理论的运作过程。集体顾名思义,就是有共同利益的个人为了某种利己的目的而汇集在一起所形成的团体。而集体行...
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評分我一直想不清楚工会的问题。认同经济学原理的人,基本都会认可,工会对于工人作为一整体的福祉是有害无益的。如果在劳动力市场上有许多剩余劳力,老板要是受不了工会了,只需要把工人全都辞退,雇一批新人就可以了(当然为此要付一点成本)。工会的作用,只不过给劳动力市场增...
評分The Logic of Collective Action pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2025