Metaphors We Live By pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025
- 語言學
- 認知語言學
- 隱喻
- metaphor
- linguistics
- 心理學
- Lakoff
- cognitive
- 語言哲學
- 隱喻
- 認知科學
- 日常語言
- 思維結構
- 語言使用
- 符號係統
- 人類認知
- 錶達方式
- 語義理解
具體描述
People use metaphors every time they speak. Some of those metaphors are literary - devices for making thoughts more vivid or entertaining. But most are much more basic than that - they're "metaphors we live by", metaphors we use without even realizing we're using them. In this book, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson suggest that these basic metaphors not only affect the way we communicate ideas, but actually structure our perceptions and understandings from the beginning. Bringing together the perspectives of linguistics and philosophy, Lakoff and Johnson offer an intriguing and surprising guide to some of the most common metaphors and what they can tell us about the human mind. And for this new edition, they supply an afterword both extending their arguments and offering a fascinating overview of the current state of thinking on the subject of the metaphor.
著者簡介
George Lakoff is a professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of, among other books, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things and Moral Politics, both published by the University of Chicago Press.
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Mark Johnson is the Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Oregon. He is the author of The Body in the Mind and Moral Imagination, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Johnson and Lakoff have also coauthored Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought.
圖書目錄
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1. Concepts We Live By
2. The Systematicity of Metaphorical Concepts
3. Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding
4. Orientational Metaphors
5. Metaphor and Cultural Coherence
6. Ontological Metaphors
7. Personification
8. Metonymy
9. Challenges to Metaphorical Coherence
10. Some Further Examples
11. The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Structuring
12. How Is Our Conceptual System Grounded?
13. The Grounding of Structural Metaphors
14. Causation: Partly Emergent and Partly Metaphorical
15. The Coherent Structuring of Experience
16. Metaphorical Coherence
17. Complex Coherences across Metaphors
18. Some Consequences for Theories of Conceptual Structure
19. Definition and Understanding
20. How Metaphor Can Give Meaning to Form
21. New Meaning
22. The Creation of Similarity
23. Metaphor, Truth, and Action
24. Truth
25. The Myths of Objectivism and Subjectivism
26. The Myth of Objectivism in Western Philosophy and Linguistics
27. How Metaphor Reveals the Limitations of the Myth of Objectivism
28. Some Inadequacies of the Myth of Subjectivism
29. The Experientialist Alternative: Giving New Meaning to the Old Myths
30. Understanding
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Afterword References
· · · · · · (收起)
讀後感
大致来说，本书的隐喻是从经验/原型到概念/语言之间的关键桥梁，我们与世界的互动产生(身体/文化)经验，经验的成功运作留存为一套结构化的、相合的范畴，即完形，里面包含了一系列认知原型，我们将经验完形跨领域地映射到其他范畴，突显和隐藏其中的部分特征，以一种结构化的隐...
評分用语言构建的概念根植于隐喻。隐喻Metaphor，结构上看Meta意为after or beyond, 后半部分词缀-phor表示bring。Meta-phor就可以解读为超出（字面）携带的，那就是隐喻，就是象征。 Lakoff教授此作的中译版翻译为《我们赖以生存的隐喻》，浙江大学出版社。虽然有优秀的汉译，但因...
評分第一章 我们赖以生存的概念 争论是战争 隐喻不仅仅是语言的事情，而是“思维过程”的事情——隐喻性概念 第二章 隐喻性概念的系统性 时间是金钱 隐喻蕴涵能表现隐喻概念的连贯系统以及这些概念相应的隐喻表达的连贯系统。 第三章 隐喻系统性：凸显和隐藏 conduit metaphor 隐喻...
評分用戶評價
你的妻子在跟你吵架的時候巧妙地轉移瞭話題，你注意到其中的語言學原理瞭嗎？？（人的認知被社會心理形塑，並且，除此以外，彆無他物。沒有根植的cognition就永遠不會産生與此cognition相應的感覺，這意味著你很可能由於認知缺陷而此生與某種潛在的理解力絕緣，認識到這點令人絕望)
评分:無
评分絕大多數的思維都是潛意識的。重復學習形成的神經連接即是隱喻。政治信息通過比喻框架為人潛意識所接受。保守派與嚴父傢庭相關，自由派與傢庭愛的教育相關。體現到政治道德。體現在教育，是生産齣閤格的社會商品還是讓人按照自身情況健全發展。民主化知識。語言學傢讓人驚喜啊Noam爺爺
评分有趣的文字、比喻的起源
评分核心理論是：隱喻根植在我們的conceptual system，以此為據點撕瞭以客觀論為基礎的哲學。03年的後記把這個領域幾十年研究的東西都講到瞭，比較令人驚奇的是隱喻本身有神經學基礎：metaphorical mappings are realised physically as neural maps.
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