Metaphors We Live By pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
- 语言学
- 认知语言学
- 隐喻
- metaphor
- linguistics
- 心理学
- Lakoff
- cognitive
- 语言哲学
- 隐喻
- 认知科学
- 日常语言
- 思维结构
- 语言使用
- 符号系统
- 人类认知
- 表达方式
- 语义理解
具体描述
People use metaphors every time they speak. Some of those metaphors are literary - devices for making thoughts more vivid or entertaining. But most are much more basic than that - they're "metaphors we live by", metaphors we use without even realizing we're using them. In this book, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson suggest that these basic metaphors not only affect the way we communicate ideas, but actually structure our perceptions and understandings from the beginning. Bringing together the perspectives of linguistics and philosophy, Lakoff and Johnson offer an intriguing and surprising guide to some of the most common metaphors and what they can tell us about the human mind. And for this new edition, they supply an afterword both extending their arguments and offering a fascinating overview of the current state of thinking on the subject of the metaphor.
作者简介
George Lakoff is a professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of, among other books, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things and Moral Politics, both published by the University of Chicago Press.
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Mark Johnson is the Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Oregon. He is the author of The Body in the Mind and Moral Imagination, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Johnson and Lakoff have also coauthored Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought.
目录信息
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1. Concepts We Live By
2. The Systematicity of Metaphorical Concepts
3. Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding
4. Orientational Metaphors
5. Metaphor and Cultural Coherence
6. Ontological Metaphors
7. Personification
8. Metonymy
9. Challenges to Metaphorical Coherence
10. Some Further Examples
11. The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Structuring
12. How Is Our Conceptual System Grounded?
13. The Grounding of Structural Metaphors
14. Causation: Partly Emergent and Partly Metaphorical
15. The Coherent Structuring of Experience
16. Metaphorical Coherence
17. Complex Coherences across Metaphors
18. Some Consequences for Theories of Conceptual Structure
19. Definition and Understanding
20. How Metaphor Can Give Meaning to Form
21. New Meaning
22. The Creation of Similarity
23. Metaphor, Truth, and Action
24. Truth
25. The Myths of Objectivism and Subjectivism
26. The Myth of Objectivism in Western Philosophy and Linguistics
27. How Metaphor Reveals the Limitations of the Myth of Objectivism
28. Some Inadequacies of the Myth of Subjectivism
29. The Experientialist Alternative: Giving New Meaning to the Old Myths
30. Understanding
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Afterword References
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
一、语言是思维的表象 试想一场争论：“我要击破你的观点”，“你的论点覆灭了”......如此等等，你是否觉察到，你已经将这场争论理解成了战争？ 这种用一种概念系统来理解另一种行为的方式，通常叫做隐喻。 对于大部分人来说，隐喻只是一种修辞，无关紧要。事实恰恰相反，隐喻...
评分 评分 评分《我们赖以生存的隐喻》的出版标志着认知语言学隐喻研究的开始。 乔治·莱考夫（George Lakoff），美国加州大学伯克利分校语言学系教授，著名语言学家，认知语言学的创始人。研究领域广泛，主要包括认知语言学，语言的神经理论，概念系统，认知语言学在政治、文学、哲学、数学...
评分一句话概括：隐喻不仅是超越我们文化“真理”之外的东西，还是我们感知和体验这个世界绝大部分事物的唯一途径。 想要梳理本书，可参考我的读书笔记：http://book.douban.com/annotation/37274591/ 读后感： 震撼我的新知，在大神眼里只是常识。 于我而言，这本书可以说是颠覆性...
用户评价
至于能不能应用到文学作品应该另当别论，至少理论本身就有不少突破。
评分:无
评分探讨的核心问题是how metaphors structure our cognition，这大概是认知语言学；另外还涉及到how we see the world with metaphors，这便是语言学在心理层面的branch。算不上thought-provoking，但是将普通人司空见惯的、不以为意的隐喻用法系统条理地列出，的确是个对以往认知的挑战（隐喻几乎如同空气一般无处不在）。例子易懂生动，LOVE and ARGUEMENT是两大conventional metaphors，自然从书名就看得出作者志向高远，最后用experimental myth对于主客观存在论的挑战勇气可嘉，只不过较为weak，看得一头雾水。最后真的很好奇这本书怎么汉化？
评分虽然出发点仅仅是英语，但仍不失为心理语言学和认知语言学的经典之一。书也很小很便宜，网上还能搜到TXT版全文。
评分虽然作者有点好大喜功后面扯大到挑战西方哲学传统的地步，某些地方还有点偷换概念的嫌疑，但仍不失为几个月来我读过的最有趣的书。感觉会对做machine learning的人有些启发，当然可能人家早就在做类似的事情了。更奇妙的是，同一段时间在读的「地海传奇」系列中设定的巫术真言系统和这本书的理念完全是相反的。
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