Metaphors We Live By pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
- 语言学
- 认知语言学
- 隐喻
- metaphor
- linguistics
- 心理学
- Lakoff
- cognitive
- 语言哲学
- 隐喻
- 认知科学
- 日常语言
- 思维结构
- 语言使用
- 符号系统
- 人类认知
- 表达方式
- 语义理解
具体描述
People use metaphors every time they speak. Some of those metaphors are literary - devices for making thoughts more vivid or entertaining. But most are much more basic than that - they're "metaphors we live by", metaphors we use without even realizing we're using them. In this book, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson suggest that these basic metaphors not only affect the way we communicate ideas, but actually structure our perceptions and understandings from the beginning. Bringing together the perspectives of linguistics and philosophy, Lakoff and Johnson offer an intriguing and surprising guide to some of the most common metaphors and what they can tell us about the human mind. And for this new edition, they supply an afterword both extending their arguments and offering a fascinating overview of the current state of thinking on the subject of the metaphor.
作者简介
George Lakoff is a professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of, among other books, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things and Moral Politics, both published by the University of Chicago Press.
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Mark Johnson is the Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Oregon. He is the author of The Body in the Mind and Moral Imagination, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Johnson and Lakoff have also coauthored Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought.
目录信息
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1. Concepts We Live By
2. The Systematicity of Metaphorical Concepts
3. Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding
4. Orientational Metaphors
5. Metaphor and Cultural Coherence
6. Ontological Metaphors
7. Personification
8. Metonymy
9. Challenges to Metaphorical Coherence
10. Some Further Examples
11. The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Structuring
12. How Is Our Conceptual System Grounded?
13. The Grounding of Structural Metaphors
14. Causation: Partly Emergent and Partly Metaphorical
15. The Coherent Structuring of Experience
16. Metaphorical Coherence
17. Complex Coherences across Metaphors
18. Some Consequences for Theories of Conceptual Structure
19. Definition and Understanding
20. How Metaphor Can Give Meaning to Form
21. New Meaning
22. The Creation of Similarity
23. Metaphor, Truth, and Action
24. Truth
25. The Myths of Objectivism and Subjectivism
26. The Myth of Objectivism in Western Philosophy and Linguistics
27. How Metaphor Reveals the Limitations of the Myth of Objectivism
28. Some Inadequacies of the Myth of Subjectivism
29. The Experientialist Alternative: Giving New Meaning to the Old Myths
30. Understanding
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Afterword References
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
Lakoff和Johnson发现，我们说“三天前”、“基本上”这类表达中，“前”和“上”都实际上是一种比喻，但是这种表达由于平常、基础，变成了一种常规表达。由此他们引申出几种基础的metaphors的类型，比如orientational emtaphor，structural metapher，就是用空间结构来描述一个...
评分第一章 我们赖以生存的概念 争论是战争 隐喻不仅仅是语言的事情，而是“思维过程”的事情——隐喻性概念 第二章 隐喻性概念的系统性 时间是金钱 隐喻蕴涵能表现隐喻概念的连贯系统以及这些概念相应的隐喻表达的连贯系统。 第三章 隐喻系统性：凸显和隐藏 conduit metaphor 隐喻...
评分不管我们是否有意为之，生活都少不了戏剧性，我们孜孜以求过的，最后却被发现毫无价值，而我们赖以生存的，却被我们彻底遗忘，不但忘了它的价值，甚至还忘了它的存在本身。比如说空气，它对我们太重要了，以至于我们没有一时一刻是可以离得开的，但是显然没有人会把空气视作自...
评分Lakoff是认知语言学的开拓者。如果你想知道什么是认知语言学，而又对鸿篇巨著望而却步，这本书是最好的读物。从隐喻这个话题出发，讨论了隐喻与认知，以及人们生活中的隐喻。
用户评价
虽然出发点仅仅是英语，但仍不失为心理语言学和认知语言学的经典之一。书也很小很便宜，网上还能搜到TXT版全文。
评分佳作
评分虽说在理论上同意勒高夫的Experiential Structuring，日常还是更倾向于dead metaphor，和叶维廉所谓的Hackneyed imagery异曲同工。后悔上学期没读到TAT 此外systematicity极有意思，可脑补最高级的想象力是不自由的一文。
评分核心理论是：隐喻根植在我们的conceptual system，以此为据点撕了以客观论为基础的哲学。03年的后记把这个领域几十年研究的东西都讲到了，比较令人惊奇的是隐喻本身有神经学基础：metaphorical mappings are realised physically as neural maps.
评分根據這個理論寫的語法書應該會相當好看。不過八卦說Lakoff本人是那種一旦認定自己是對的，就會火力全開橫掃一切異見者。其實我覺得Generative linguistic這個理論本身也挺有趣的呢。
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