Preface ix
Part One HOBBES: The Basis of his Philosophy of Right and Obligation 1
1 NATURAL LIBERTY AND THE SCIENCE OF ENDEAVOUR 3
The Reasonableness of Natural Right 4
Natural Right as Endeavour and the Minimum of Liberty 9
Right, Power, and 'Good' 15
Endeavour and Mechanism 21
The Search for Causes: Sensation and Motion 24
2 DELIBERATION, VOLUNTARY ACTION, AND DETERMINISM 32
Hobbes's First Two Views on Liberty: Necessity, Impediment, Compulsion, and Obligation 32
Hobbes's Third View of Liberty: Freedom as Deliberation 38
The Example of the Tennis Court 42
Hobbes's Concept of Power: The Question of the Coherence of his Theory of Liberty 45
Deliberation and Determinism: The Extent of Hobbes's Compatibilism 50
A Comparison with Locke's Doctrine of Freedom and Action 55
3 WILL, OBLIGATION, AND LAW 62
The Dependence of Obligation on a Voluntary Renunciation of Right. Morality, Logic, and the Issue of Performative Utterances 62
Hobbes's Theism and the Observance of Nat ural Law 69
The Difference between Endeavouring to be Obliged and being Obliged to Endeavour 74
The 'Well-founded' Basis of Hobbes's Concept of Obligation 82
The Mechanics of the Political Contract 85
Part Two LOCKE: Individual Freedom and State Authority 97
4 NATURAL AND POLITICAL POWER 99
The Right to Private Ownership in the Context of Locke's Natural-law Doctrine 99 The State of Nature and Locke's 'Strange' Doctrine of Punishment 109
Man's Two Natural Powers and the Three Requisites of Political Life 119
The Question of the Judicial Power 124
5 LAWFUL GOVERNMENT AND POPULAR CONTROL 128
Free Consent, Trust, and the Limits of the Legislature. A Parallel with Bramhall and a Confusion by Leo Strauss 128
Law and Civil Liberty 138
Prerogative in Relation to Law and Civil Liberty 143
Umpirage and Supremacy in the State. The Principle of Majority Rule 150
The Significance of Locke's Theory of 'Floating' Sovereignty 160
6 STATE POWER AND CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE 165
Force, Obligation, and the Abuse of Political Authority 165
The Dissolution of Government: Hobbes and Locke. The State of War and A State of War 175
The Issue of Rebellion: Locke on the Legitimacy of Popular Resistance 185 Summary 190
Epilogue: On Justifying Law and Order 194
Notes 203
Index 243
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