前言
Acknowledgments
第一章 动词时态
( Verb Tenses)
1-1 一般时态
(The Simple Tenses)
1-2 进行时态
(The Progressive Tenses)
1-3 完成时态
( The Perfect Tenses)
1-4 完成进行时态
(The Perfect Progressive Tenses)
l-5 动词时态简表
( Summary Chart of Verb Tenses)
1-6 -ING和-ED形式的拼法
( Spelling of-ING and -ED Forms)
1-7 一般现在时
(Simple Present)
1-8 现在进行时
(Present Progressive)
1-9 无进行时态的动词
(Nonprogressive Verbs)
1-10 现在进行时与ALWAYS连用
( Using the Present Prigrssive with ALWAYS)
1-11 规则动词与不规则动词
(Rngular and Irregular Verbs)
1-12 一般过去时
(Simple Past)
1-13 过去进行时
(Past Progressive)
1-14 进行时态中地点状语的用法
(Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Tenses)
1-15 现在完成时
(Present Perfect)
1-16 现在完成进行时
( Present Perfect Progressive)
1-17 过去完成时
(Past Perfect)
1-18 过去完成进行时
(Past Perfect Progressive)
1-19 一般将来时/BE GOING TO
(Simple Future/BE GOING TO)
1-20 WILL与 BE GOING TO
( WILL vs BE GOING TO)
1-21 时间状语从句中将来时态的表达
(Expressing the Future in Time Ciauses)
1-22 现在进行时和一般现在时表示将来
(Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to
Expres Future Time)
1-23 将来进行时
(Future Progressive)
1-24 将来完成时
(Future Perfect)
1-25 将来完成进行时
(Future Perfect Progressive)
第二章 情态动词与类似表达
(Modal Auxiliaries and Similar Expressions)
2-1 概述
( Introduction)
2-2 “I”作主语的礼貌请求
( Polite Requests with “ I” as the Subject
2-3 “YOU”作主语的礼貌请求
(Polite Requests with“YOU” as the Subject)
2--4 WOULD YOU MIND用作礼貌请求
(Polite Requests with WOULD YOU MIND)
2--5 祈使句用作礼貌请求
(Using the Imperative Sentences to Make Polite Requests)
2--6 表示必须:MUST, HAVE TO, HAVE GOT TO
( Expressing Necessity: MUST, HAVE TO, HAVE GOT TO)
2-7 不必要和禁止: HAVE TO和 MUST的否定形式
( Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: HAVE TO and MUST in
the Negative)
2--8 忠告:SHOULD,OUGHT TO,HAD BETTER
(Advisability:SHOULD,OUGHT TO,HAD BETTER)
2-9 SHOULD的过去式
(The Past Form of SHOULD)
2-10 期望:BE SUPPOSED TO与BE TO
(Expectations:BE SUPPOSED TO与 BE TO)
2--11 提议: LET'S, WHY DON'T, SHALLI/ WE
(Making Suggestions:LET’S,WHY DON’T,SHALL I/WE)
2--12 提议:COULD
(Making Suggestions: COULD)
2--13 表示肯定的程度:现在时
( Expressing Degrees of Certainty: Present Time)
2-14 肯定的程度:一般现在时的否定
(Degrees Of Certainty:Present Time Negative)
2--15 肯定的程度:过去时
( Degrees of Certainty: Past Time)
2-16 肯定的程度:将来时
( Degrees of Certainty: Future Time)
2-17 情态动词的进行式
( Progressive Forms of Modals)
2-18 USED TO(过去的习惯)与BE USED TO的用法
(Using USED TO[Habitual Past] and BE USED TO)
2-19 WOULD表示过去重复性的动作
(Using WOULD to Express a Repeated Action In the Past)
2-20 表示倾向: WOULD RATHER
(Expressiving Preference: WOULD RATHER)
2--21 CAN与BE ABLE TO的用法
( Using CAN and BE ABLE TO)
2--22 过去的能力:COULD
(Past Ability: COULD)
2-23 情态动词与类似表达简表
( Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions)
第三章 被动语态
( The Passive)
3--1 被动语态的构成
(Forming the Passive)
3--2 被动语态的用法
( Using the Passive)
3-3 间接宾语用作被动语态的主语
( Indirect Objects as Passive Subjects)
3--4 情态动词与类似表达的被动语态
( The Passive Form of Modals and Similar Expressions)
3--5 静态被动语态形式
(Stative Passive)
3--6 GET与被动语态
(The Passive with GET)
3-7 分词形式的形容词
(Participial Adjectives)
第四章 动名词与不定式
Gerunds and Infinitives)
4--1 动名词:概述
( Gerunds: Introduction)
4-2 动名词用作介词的宾语
(Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions)
4--3 带动名词的常用动词
(Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds)
4--4 GO十动名词
(GO+Gerunds)
4-5 带不定式的常用动词
( Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives)
4--6 既可带不定式又可带动名词的常用动词
(Common Verbs Followed by either Infinitives or Gerunds)
4-7 带动名词的动词参照表
(Reference List of Verbs FOllowed by Gerunds)
4-8 带不定式的动词参照表
(Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives)
4-9 动名词用作主语; IT十不定式的用法
( Using Gerunds as Subjects;Using IT+ Infinitive)
4-10 表达目的的不定式: IN ORDER TO
( Infinitive of Purpose: IN ORDER TO)
4--11 带不定式的形容词
(Adjectives Followed by Infinitives)
4--12 不定式与TOO,ENOUGH连用
(Using lnfinitives with TOO and ENOUGH)
4-13 不定式与动名词的被动语态形式和过去式
(Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds)
4--14 NEED后接动名词或不定式被动语态形式的用法
( Using Gerunds and Passive Infinitives Following NEED)
4--15 所有格修饰动名词
(Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund)
4--16 感官动词的用法
(Using Verbs of Perception)
4-17 LET与HELP后接动词原形的用法
( Using the Simple Form after LET and HELP)
4--18 使役动词的用法:MAKE,HAVE,GET
(Using Causative Verbs:MAKE, HAVE, GET)
4-19 特殊短语后接动词-ING形式的用法
(Special Expressions Followed by the -ING Form of a Verb)
第五章 单数与复数
Singular and Plural)
5--1 -S/-ES词尾
(Final -S/-ES)
5--2 名词复数的不规则形式
(Irregular Plural Nouns)
5--3 名词所有格
(Possessive Nouns)
5--4 名词用作修饰语
(Using Nouns as Modifiers)
5--5 可数名词与不可数名词
( Count and Noncount Nouns)
5-6 不可数名词
(Noncount Nouns)
5-7 部分常见的不可数名词
( Some Common Noncount Nouns)
5--8 数量的表达
(Expressions Of Quantity)
5--9 A FEW与FEW;A LITTLE与LITTLE的用法
( Using A FEW and FEW; A LITTLE and LITTLE)
5--10 表达数量的短语中OF的用法
(Using OF in Expressions of Quantlty)
5-11 单数的数量表达:ONE,EACH,EVERY
(Singular Expressions of Quantity: ONE, EACH, EVERY)
5-12 基本的主谓一致
(Basic Subject-Verb Agreement)
5--13 使用数量表达时的主谓一致
(Subject-Verb Agreement:Using Expressions of Quantity)
5--14 使用 THERE+ BE时的主谓一致
( Subject-Verb Agreement: Using THERE+ BE)
5-15 某些特殊用法的主谓一致
(Subject-Verb Agreement:Some Irregularities)
5-16 人称代词与名词前后一致
( Personal Pronouns:Agreement with Nouns)
5--17 人称代词与不定代词前后一致
( Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns)
5--18 人称代词与集合名词前后一致
( Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns)
5-19 反身代词的用法
(Using Reflecxive Pronouns)
5--20 YOU与ONE用作泛指代词
(Using YOU and ONE as Impersonal Pronouns)
5-21 OTHER的形式
( Forms of OTHER)
第六章 定语从句
(Adjective Clauses)
6--1 定语从句:概述
(Adjective Clauses)
6-2 主格代词的用法:WHO,WHICH,THAT
(Using subject Pronouns:WHO,WHICH,THAT)
6--3 宾格代词的用法:WHO (M),WHICh,THAT
(Using object Pronous:WHO[M],WHICH,THAT)
6-4 WHOSE的用法
(Using WHOSE)
6--5 WHERE的用法
( Using WHERE)
6--6 WHEN的用法
(Using WHEN)
6-7 定语从句修饰代词的用法
(Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns)
6-8 定语从句的标点
(Punctuation of Adjective Clauses)
6-9 定语从句中数量的表达方法
( Using Expressions of Quantity In Adjective Clauses)
6-10 名词十 OF WHICH的用法
(U8illg NOUN+ OF WHICH)
6--11 WHICH修饰整个句子的用法
(Using WHICH to Modify a whole Sentence)
6-12 将定语从句缩略为形容词短语:概述
(Reduction of Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases:
Introduction)
6--13 将定语从句变为形容词从句
(Changing an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase)
第七章 名词性从句
(Noun Clauses)
7--1 名词性从句:概述
(Noun Clauses:Introduction)
7--2 以疑问句开头的名词性从句
(Noun Clauses Which Begin with a Question Word)
7-3 以WHETHER或IF开头的名词性从句
( Noun Clauses Which Begin with WHETHER or IF )
7-4 疑问词后接不定式
( Question Words Followed by Infinitives)
7--5 以THAT开头的名词性从句
(Noun Clauses which Begin with THAT)
7-6 直接引语
( Quoted Speech)
7-7 间接引语和名词性从句中正式的时态呼应
(Roported Speech and the Formal Sequence of Tenses in Noun
Clauses)
7-8 名词性从句中虚拟式的用法
(Using the Subjective in Noun Clauses)
7-9 带-EVER的词的用法
( Using -EVER Word)
第八章 表达概念之间的关系――第一部分
(Showing Relationships between Ideas―PartI)
8-1 并列结构
(Parallel Structure)
8--2 成对连词的用法:BOTH…AND;NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO;
EITHER… OR; NEITHER… NOR
(Using Paired Conjunctions: BOTH… AND; NOT ONLY…
BUT ALSO; EITHETR… OR; NEITHER… NOR)
8-3 用连词连接独立句
( Combining Independent Clauses with Comunctions)
8-4 状语从句:概述
(Adverb Clauses:Introduction)
8-5 用状语从句表示时间关系
( Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships)
8--6 用状语从句表示因果关系
(Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect Relationships)
8--7 用介词表示因果关系:BECAUSE OF与DUE TO
( Using Preposition to Show Cause and Effect:BECAUSE OF
and DUE TO)
8-8 用转折副词表示因果关系:THEREFORE与CONSEQUENTLY
(Using Transitions to show Cause and Effect:THEREFORE and
CONSEQUENTLY)
8--9 句型与标点小结
( Summary of Patterns and Punctuation)
8--10 表示因果关系的其他方式:SUCH…THAT与SO…THAT
(Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect:SUCH …THAT
and SO… THAT)
8--11 表示目的:SO THAT的用法
(Expressing Purpose:Using SO THAT)
8-12 将状语从句简化为修饰性短语:概述
( Reduction of Adverb Clauses to Modifying Phrases:
Introduction)
8--13 将时间状语从句变为修饰性短语
(Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Phrases)
8-14 在修饰性短语中表示“同时”关系
(Expressing the Idea of“During the same Time” in Modifying
Phrases)
8-15 在修饰性短语中表示因果关系
(Expressing Cause and Effect Relatioships in Modifying
Phrases)
8-16 修饰性短语中UPON+-ING的用法
( Using UPON+ -ING in Modifying Phrases)
第九章 表示概念之间的关系――第一部分
(Showing Relationships between ideas―Part II)
9-1 表示意料之外的结果:EVEN THOUGH的用法
(EXpressing Unexpected Result:Using EVEN THOUGH)
9--2 表示对立(意料之外的结果)
(Showing Opposition:Unexpected Result)
9--3 表示直接对立
(Showing Direct Opposition)
9--4 状语从句表示条件:“IF从句”
( Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses:“ IF Clauses”)
9-5 条件状语从句: WHETHER OR NOT和 EVEN IF的用法
(Adverb Clauses of Condition: WHETHER OR NOT and EVEN
IF)
9-6 条件状语从句:IN CASE/THAT)与 IN THE EVENT/THAT)的用法
(Adverb Clauses of Condition:Using IN CASE [THAT]and IN
THE EVENT[THAT]
9-7 条件状语从句:UNLESS的用法
(Adverb Clause of Condition:Using UNLESS)
9-8 条件状语从句: ONLY IF与 PROVIDING/PROVIDE THAT的用法
(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using ONLY IF and PROVIDING/
ROVIDE THAT)
9-9 表示条件:OTHERWISE与OR (ELSE)的用法
(Expressing Conditions:Using OTHERWISE and OR [ELSE])
9-10 关系词小结:因果、对立、条件
( Summary of Relationship Words: Cause and Effect,
Opposition,Condition)
9-11 举例
(Giving Examples)
9--12 延续同一概念
(Continuing the Same Idea)
第十章 条件句
(Conditional Sentences)
10--1 条件句中动词基本形式与用法小结
( Summary of Basic Verb Form Usage in Conditional
Sentences)
10-2 现在或将来的真实条件
(True in the Present or Future)
10--3 现在和将来的非真实条件(与事实相反)
(Untrue in the Present and Future:Contrary to Fact)
10-4 过去的非真实条件(与事实相反)
(Untrue in the Past:Contrary to Fact)
10-5 进行时动词形式的用法
(Using Progressive Verb Forms)
10-6 条件句中“混合时间”的用法
(Using“Mixed Time” in Conditional Sentences)
10-7 COULD,MIGHT与SHOULD的用法
( Using COULD, MIGHT and SHOULD)
10-8 IF的省略
( Omitting IF)
10-9 暗含的条件
(Implied Conditions)
10-10 WISH后面的动词形式
( Verb Forms Following WISH)
10-11 用WOULD表达有关将来的愿望
(Using WOULD to Make Wishes about the Future)
10-12 AS IF/AS THOUGH的用法
(Using AS IF/AS THOUGH)
附录1 增补语法单元
( Supplementary Grammar Units)
A单元:基本语法术语
( Basic Grammar Terminology)
A-1 主语、动词与宾语
(Subjects,Verbs,and Objects)
A-2 介词与介词短语
(Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases)
A-3 形容词
(Adjectives)
A-4 副词
(Adverbs)
A-5 动词BE
( The Verb BE)
A-6 系动词
(Linking Verbs)
A-7人称代词
(Personal Pronouns)
A-8 缩略式
(Contractions)
B单元:疑问句
( Questions)
B-1 一般疑问句与特殊疑问句的形式
( Forms of YES/NO and Information Questions)
B-2 疑问词
(Question Words)
B-3 否定疑问句
(Negative Questions)
B-4 反意疑问句
( Tag Questions)
C单元:否定句
(Negatives)
C-1 NOT与其他否定词的用法
( Using NOT and Other Negative Words)
C-2 避免“重复两次否定”
(Avoding “Double Negatives”)
C-3 以否定词开头的句子
(Beginning a Sentence with a Negative word)
D单元:冠词
(Articles)
D-1 冠词的基本用法
(Basic Article Usage)
D-2 冠词用法的基本原则
( General Guidelines for Article Usage)
附录2 介词组合
(Preposition Combinations)
含形容词和动词的介词组合
(Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs)
短语动词(由两个词或三个词组成的多词动词)
(Phrasal Verbs:Two-Word and Three-Word Verbs)
附录3 写作错误的批改原则
(Guide for Correcting Writing Errors)
英文索引
(Index in English)
· · · · · · (
收起)