What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next? pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2026

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出版者:Princeton University Press

作者:Katherine Verdery

出品人:

页数:298

译者:

出版时间:1996-3-7

价格:USD 30.95

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780691011325

丛书系列:Princeton Studies in Culture/Power/History

图书标签:

社会学
政治学
人类学
socialism
Socialism
苏东研究
politics
社会主义
社会主义
历史
政治经济
社会制度
未来展望
意识形态
改革
发展
比较研究
制度演变

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具体描述

Among the first anthropologists to work in Eastern Europe, Katherine Verdery had built up a significant base of ethnographic and historical expertise when the major political transformations in the region began to take place. In this collection of essays dealing with the aftermath of Soviet-style socialism and the different forms that may replace it, she explores the nature of socialism in order to understand more fully its consequences. By analyzing her primary data from Romania and Transylvania and synthesizing information from other sources, Verdery lends a distinctive anthropological perspective to a variety of themes common to political and economic studies on the end of socialism: themes such as 'civil society', the creation of market economies, privatization, national and ethnic conflict, and changing gender relations.Under Verdery's examination, privatization and civil society appear not only as social processes, for example, but as symbols in political rhetoric. The classic pyramid scheme is not just a means of enrichment but a site for reconceptualizing the meaning of money and an unusual form of post-Marxist millenarianism. Land being redistributed as private property stretches and shrinks, as in the imaginings of the farmers struggling to tame it. Infused by this kind of ethnographic sensibility, the essays reject the assumption of a transition to capitalism in favor of investigating local processes in their own terms.

聚焦全球能源转型与地缘政治冲突：一部关于未来资源、权力与环境的深度剖析本书以一种冷峻而富有洞察力的笔触，深入剖析了当前世界格局中最具决定性的两大驱动力：全球能源系统的剧烈转型与日益加剧的地缘政治竞争。它并非一部关于传统意识形态的梳理，而是对后工业化时代权力基础如何重塑的严谨考察。第一部分：能源的“不可能三角”——效率、安全与可持续性的结构性矛盾本书首先对人类文明赖以运转的能源基础进行了宏观层面的解构。作者认为，我们正处于一个由技术进步、气候危机和地缘政治不确定性共同构筑的“不可能三角”之中。 1. 碳基时代的遗产与惯性：章节详细描绘了二十世纪以来，化石燃料（石油、天然气、煤炭）如何不仅塑造了经济增长模式，更深刻地固化了全球政治权力结构。这部分内容着重分析了“能源-地理”的耦合关系，即哪些国家因掌握了关键储量而获得了不可对等的国际话语权，以及这种权力基础的经济逻辑和军事延伸。深入剖析了“能源锁定效应”（Energy Lock-in Effect），论证了基础设施和既得利益集团如何阻碍了必要的、快速的结构性变革。 2. 可再生能源的渗透与挑战：随后，视角转向风能、太阳能、水力、地热等清洁能源的迅猛发展。然而，作者并未陷入盲目的乐观主义。相反，本书对可再生能源固有的脆弱性和新的依赖性进行了尖锐的批判性审视。重点探讨了以下几个关键领域：稀有金属的“新殖民主义”：锂、钴、镍、稀土元素等关键矿物的开采、加工与供应链的集中化，如何催生出新的地缘经济热点和潜在的冲突区。作者详细绘制了从矿山到电池工厂的全球流动图景，揭示了“绿色转型”背后隐藏的劳动条件、环境破坏和对少数生产国的过度依赖。电网的脆弱性与网络安全：在高度电气化和数字化转型的背景下，智能电网的建设带来了效率的提升，但也暴露了国家关键基础设施在遭受网络攻击或物理破坏时的致命弱点。本书探讨了如何保障能源输送的韧性（Resilience）和主权。能源的间歇性与储能瓶颈：针对太阳能和风能的间歇性特点，本书深入分析了现有电池技术（包括固态电池的潜力）的商业化障碍，以及长期、大规模、跨季节的储能解决方案（如绿色氢能、抽水蓄能）在技术成熟度和经济可行性上面临的巨大鸿沟。第二部分：地缘政治的重塑——从能源安全到战略竞争本书的第二部分将分析重心转移到能源转型如何成为新的地缘政治竞争的主战场。传统的地缘政治学关注海洋通道和油田控制，而新地缘政治则聚焦于技术标准、供应链主导权和关键节点的争夺。 1. 战略物资的控制与“去风险化”的悖论：作者详细阐述了主要经济体如何应对供应链风险。这不仅仅是“友岸外包”（Friend-shoring）或“近岸外包”（Near-shoring）的简单决策，而是一场涉及国家安全和产业政策的全面重构。书中探讨了欧洲、北美和亚洲主要力量在半导体、太阳能组件制造和关键矿物精炼等领域展开的“技术民族主义”竞赛，以及由此产生的贸易壁垒和技术标准之争。 2. 能源流动的新通道与压力点：石油和天然气的传统输油管线和海峡依然重要，但液化天然气（LNG）贸易的爆炸性增长开辟了新的战略焦点——液化、再气化终端的控制权和海上运输线的安全。本书对北极航道的开发、波罗的海与南海的能源基础设施布局进行了细致的地理政治分析，展示了能源如何与军事投射能力紧密结合。 3. 气候适应性与国家间的不平等加剧：本书引入了气候适应性（Climate Adaptability）作为衡量未来国家实力的指标。那些拥有更稳定淡水资源、更少极端天气冲击威胁以及能更早实现农业和城市系统韧性升级的国家，将在长期的资源竞争中占据优势。相反，气候变化对全球南方（Global South）的影响，如何加剧了现有的贫富差距，并可能引发大规模的人口迁移和资源冲突，成为一个核心议题。 4. 新兴技术在权力博弈中的角色：除了传统能源技术，本书还专门开辟章节讨论了颠覆性技术，如可控核聚变（Fusion Power）的研发竞赛，以及先进的碳捕获与封存（CCS）技术。这些技术如果率先实现商业化突破，将拥有瞬间改变全球能源权力平衡的潜力。作者批判性地分析了围绕这些“未来技术”的投资、知识产权垄断以及各国政府的补贴策略。结论：迈向一个不确定的多极能源世界本书的结论部分，拒绝提供简单的乐观或悲观的预言，而是描绘了一个高度碎片化、竞争激烈的“多极能源世界”。权力将不再仅仅由石油美元或军事规模决定，而将由对关键材料的控制力、对尖端技术的掌握度，以及对极端气候冲击的抵抗力所定义。理解这些新的力量维度，是把握未来国际关系走向的唯一途径。这本书为政策制定者、战略分析师以及关注未来世界秩序的读者，提供了一个理解当前全球动荡根源的全新框架。

作者简介

Katherine Verdery is Julien J. Studley Faculty Scholar and Distinguished Professor of Anthropology. Since 1973 she has conducted field research in Romania, initially emphasizing the political economy of social inequality, ethnic relations, and nationalism. With the changes of 1989, her work has shifted to problems of the transformation of socialist systems, specifically changing property relations in agriculture. From 1993 to 2000 she did fieldwork on this theme in a Transylvanian community; the resulting book, The Vanishing Hectare: Property and Value in Postsocialist Transylvania, was published by Cornell University Press (2003). She is now completing a large collaborative project with Gail Kligman (UCLA) and a number of Romanian scholars on the opposite process, the formation of collective and state farms in Romania during the 1950s. The resulting book, Romania’s War on the Peasants: Collectivization 1949-1962, will be published in 2010. Her teaching interests include contemporary and socialist Eastern Europe, the anthropology of property, and time and space. Future projects will probably take off from her interest in land restitution into exploring other property issues, such as cultural property, rights in bio-information, cyberspatial properties, and other forms of appropriation based in new technologies. Additionally, she has received her Secret Police file from Romania and plans to write her field memoirs from the vantage point of the police who followed her.

目录信息

Introduction 3
1 What Was Socialism, and Why Did It Fall? 19
2 The "Etatization" of Time in Ceausescu's Romania 39
3 From Parent-State to Family Patriarchs: Gender and Nation in Contemporary Eastern Europe 61
4 Nationalism and National Sentiment in Postsocialist Romania 83
5 Civil Society or Nation? "Europe" in the Symbolism of Postsocialist Politics 104
6 The Elasticity of Land: Problems of Property Restitution in Transylvania 133
7 Faith, Hope, and Caritas in the Land of the Pyramids, Romania, 1990-1994 168
8 A Transition from Socialism to Feudalism? Thoughts on the Postsocialist State 204
Afterword 229
Notes 235
Index 289
· · · · · · (收起)

读后感

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这本书的标题《What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next?》一出现，就立刻勾起了我内心深处对历史和未来的好奇。我一直对社会形态的演变，以及它们如何塑造我们当下的生活和未来的可能性充满浓厚的兴趣。尤其是在这个充满变革和不确定性的时代，回顾过去，审视当下，并大胆预测未来，显得尤为重要。这本书的标题暗示了一种深刻的反思，它不仅仅是在梳理一个曾经存在过的意识形态，更是在探寻它留下的遗产，以及它可能以何种形式，或者说它所引发的思考，如何引导我们走向下一个阶段。我期待这本书能够提供清晰的视角，帮助我理解社会主义作为一种理念和实践，其在历史长河中的具体表现，它所带来的成就与挑战，以及最重要的，它对于我们今天所面临的社会经济困境，和未来可能出现的解决方案，能够提供哪些启示。我希望这本书能够不仅仅停留在理论层面，而是能够深入到历史事件和现实案例中，用生动的故事和扎实的分析，让我感受到思想的脉搏，并能从中汲取智慧，更好地理解我们所处的时代，并思考我们想要创造的未来。这本书的名称本身就构成了一个引人入胜的命题，让我迫不及待地想要翻开扉页，开始这场思想的探索之旅。

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《What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next?》这个书名，像是一个直接的提问，又像是一个学术研究的起点，立刻勾起了我探索知识的欲望。我一直在思考，人类社会是如何一步步演变到今天的，而那些曾经被认为是“未来”的社会形态，如今又变成了什么样子？社会主义，作为一种影响了世界格局的重要思潮和实践，它的兴衰起落，其内在逻辑究竟是什么？我希望这本书能够深入挖掘社会主义的本质，不仅是其经济层面的分配模式，更包括其在政治、文化、社会关系等方面的深层含义。是不是那些曾经被视为社会主义的鲜明特征，在今天以其他形式悄然存在，或者以新的面貌重新出现？而“What Comes Next?”，这个部分更是充满了悬念。它暗示着历史并非终结，而是在不断地向前发展。在科技飞速进步、全球化日益加深的当下，社会组织的可能性是否正在被重塑？这本书是否会探讨一些新兴的社会模式，或者提出一些关于未来社会结构的大胆设想？我期待这本书能够提供一些关于历史的深刻洞察，帮助我理解社会演变的规律，并对未来的发展趋势有更清晰的认识，即使是充满未知，也能获得一些思考的指引，避免陷入盲目乐观或悲观。

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看到《What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next?》这个书名，我immediately felt a sense of intellectual curiosity. The very phrasing of the question suggests a journey through history and into the realm of speculation. I've always been fascinated by the evolution of societal structures and the enduring questions about how we organize ourselves collectively. Socialism, as a concept and as a historical force, has had such a profound and complex impact on the world. I'm eager to understand how the author defines and analyzes what socialism *was*. Does it delve into the theoretical underpinnings, the historical manifestations, and the diverse interpretations of this ideology across different nations and time periods? The second part of the title, "What Comes Next?", is particularly intriguing. It hints at a forward-looking perspective, a contemplation of what lies beyond the era of socialism, or perhaps how its legacy continues to shape future possibilities. In a world grappling with issues like economic inequality, the role of technology, and the search for sustainable social models, this book promises to offer a crucial lens through which to examine these challenges. I'm hoping for a book that not only dissects the past with rigor but also provokes thoughtful consideration about the potential pathways for future societies, perhaps offering a nuanced understanding of how past experiments inform present debates and future aspirations.

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当我看到《What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next?》这本书的书名时，脑海中立刻涌现出无数关于社会组织形式的疑问和思考。我一直觉得，理解一个概念，尤其是一个如此宏大且富有争议的概念，需要从它的起源、发展，以及它所经历的各种实践形态入手。社会主义，这个词汇承载了太多的历史重量，包含了各种各样的理论和现实的解读。我好奇作者是如何界定“社会主义”的，它指的是一种经济制度，一种政治理想，还是一种道德主张？这本书是否会追溯到早期社会主义思潮的萌芽，比如傅里叶、欧文等人，还是会更侧重于20世纪那场波澜壮阔的革命及其后的发展？更令我着迷的是“What Comes Next?”这部分。它不像是在预言，更像是在邀请读者一起进行一场前瞻性的讨论。在当今世界，贫富差距、环境危机、技术变革等问题层出不穷，传统的社会模式似乎都面临着挑战。那么，社会主义的经验和教训，对于我们寻找新的出路，是否有借鉴意义？又或者，它会引发全新的思考，指向一种我们尚未命名的未来社会形态？我希望这本书能够提供一个严谨而又富有洞察力的分析框架，帮助我拨开历史的迷雾，看清未来的方向，即使这个方向模糊不清，也希望能获得一些思考的工具和方法。

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The title *What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next?* immediately struck me as a profound invitation to engage with complex questions that resonate deeply in our current global landscape. My interest lies in understanding the historical trajectory of ideas that have significantly shaped human societies, and socialism is undeniably one of them. I'm curious about the author's approach to defining and exploring the multifaceted nature of socialism: its theoretical foundations, its practical implementations across various political and economic systems, and the diverse experiences of those who lived under or advocated for it. Was it a monolithic entity, or a spectrum of ideologies and practices? The latter part of the title, "What Comes Next?", is what truly captivates my imagination. It suggests that the analysis doesn't end with a historical account but extends into a thoughtful exploration of future possibilities. In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, shifting geopolitical alignments, and persistent societal challenges, understanding what follows a particular historical paradigm is crucial. I hope this book will provide not just a historical overview, but also a framework for critically assessing contemporary issues and imagining alternative societal futures, perhaps by drawing lessons from the successes and failures of past attempts at social transformation. I anticipate a work that offers intellectual depth and stimulates a dynamic engagement with the ongoing quest for a better social order.

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我是脑子短路了还是怎样才会选一个研究俄罗斯的课啊完全不熟´д` ;

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从罗马尼亚的经验看社会主义和转型。剧变之下写不变，总是特别有味道。（或者看似变了，但实际不是从坏变好，而是从一个问题转变成另一种问题。）“文化”和治理技术的持续性。草根国家民族志。

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The anthropology of state

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我是脑子短路了还是怎样才会选一个研究俄罗斯的课啊完全不熟´д` ;

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The anthropology of state