This symposium series volume provides up-to-date reviews on synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanostructured systems in biocatalytic processes. The first part of the book describes the use of various nanostructures, including nanoporous materials, nanotubes, nanofibers and nanoparticles, and composite materials for biocatalysis. These chapters demonstrate the current frontier exploration and the most popular structures for nanobiocatalysis. The second part of the book illustrates potential applications of nanoscale biocatalysts in heterogeneous catalysis, biosensors, energy conversion, reaction engineering, and nano-transport. Nanostructured materials are currently a hot research topic with many academic, industrial, and government laboratories doing basic and applied R&D. Amalgamating these materials and biomolecular catalysts provide unprecedented capabilities in developing new functional materials that can be utilized in heterogeneous catalytic reactions, biodetection, energy harvesting, drug synthesis and delivery, etc.