This book highlights applications in the chemical and physical sciences. It covers many diverse topics, such as physical property predictions, predictions of spectroscopy and deconvolution of spectra.Contents: A Quick Tutorial on Artificial Neural Networks; Identification of Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry in Composite Spectra of Mixtures Using Artificial Neural Network Techniques; Artificial Neural Network Extrapolations of Heat Capacities of Polymers to Very Low Temperatures; Spectroscopic Identification of Individual Molecules in Composite Spectra Using Artificial Neural Networks; Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Monte Carlo Simulations of Statistical Properties of Polymers; Prediction of Potential Antimigraine Activity Using Artificial Neural Networks; How a Neural Network Approach Can Be Used for the Investigation of Chemical Phenomena; Neural Network's Used in Error Correction for Solving Coupled Ordinary Differential Equations; Using the Weightspace of an Autoassociative Neural Network to Identify Functions; Applications of Neural Networks in Polymer Properties Simulations; Application of Neural Network Computing to the Solution for the Ground State Eigenenergy of Two-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillators.