Acknowledgments xi
List of tables xiii
List of figures xiv
List of abbreviations xv
Prologue
Chapter
Overview of the field 7
. Brief historical overview of interpreting 8
.. Early forms of interpreting 8
..2 Interpreting during World War II 0
..2 Interpreting as a profession 2
..3 Interpreting as a field of study 3
.2 A closed circle 22
Chapter 2
Opening up the circle 27
2. Breaking into the closed circle 29
2.. Sociological theories 3
2..2 Social theory 36
2..3 Linguistic anthropology 4
2.2 An opened circle 44
Chapter 3
The construction of the Interpreter’s Interpersonal Role Inventory
(IPRI) 47
3. Initial validity considerations 50
3.2 Instrument Design (note 1) 5
3.2. Description of Construct 5
3.2.2 Target population 5
3.2.3 Test blueprint, initial item pool, content validity, and dry
run 53
3.2.4 The dry run 56
3.2.5 Small-scale try-out 57
3.3 The pilot 58
3.3. Reliability analysis 60
Chapter 4
Interpreter Interpersonal Role Inventory 63
Administration and results 63
4. Sampling of conference interpreters 63
4.2 Sampling of court interpreter 64
4.3 Sampling of medical/community interpreters 65
4.4 Administration/materials 66
4.5 Participants: Descriptive statistics of the overall sample 67
4.6 Results and Analysis 67
4.7 Question 1: Is there a relationship between interpreters’ social
backgrounds and their perception of visibility? 68
4.7. Self-identification with dominant or subordinate group 69
4.7.2 Gender 69
4.7.3 Age 69
4.7.4 Education and income 70
4.8 Question 2: On the continuum of visibility/invisibility for interpreter
perceptions of role, where do interpreters from different
settings fall? 7
4.9 Question 3: Do interpreters from different settings differ in their
perception of role? 72
4.0 Further analysis: multivariate and conditional analyses of
variance 74
4. Unsolicited data 77
4.. Invisibility and neutrality 78
4..2 Differences according to settings 79
4..3 Lack of power differentials between interlocutors 80
4.2 Final thoughts on the data 82
Chapter 5
Expanding perspectives 83
5. Conclusions of this study 84
5.2 Theoretical implications 86
5.3 Practical implications 9
5.3. The education and certification of interpreters 9
5.3.2 The professional organizations 95
5.4 Invisibility revisited 98
Appendix
IPRI Final Version 0
Appendix 2
Organizations surveyed for different settings 06
Appendix 3
Letter from AIIC, U.S. Respondent #16 07
Notes
References 5
Index 23
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