Accounts of the Reverend John Crakanthorp of Fowlmere, 1682-1710 (Cambridgeshire Records Society)

Accounts of the Reverend John Crakanthorp of Fowlmere, 1682-1710 (Cambridgeshire Records Society) pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026

出版者:Sutton Publishing Ltd
作者:John Crakanthorp
出品人:
页数:0
译者:
出版时间:1988-05
价格:0
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780904323085
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • Cambridgeshire
  • Fowlmere
  • History
  • 17th Century
  • 18th Century
  • Clergy
  • Records
  • Local History
  • England
  • Religious History
  • Cambridgeshire Records Society
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具体描述

剑桥郡记录学会出版物:福尔米尔教区牧师约翰·克拉肯索普牧师的记述,1682-1710 年(摘要) 导言 本书汇集并审校了福尔米尔(Fowlmere)教区牧师约翰·克拉肯索普(John Crakanthorp)于 1682 年至 1710 年间所撰写的一系列重要地方记录。这些文献为研究十七世纪末至十八世纪初英格兰剑桥郡(Cambridgeshire)乡村社会、教会生活、经济状况以及地方治理提供了极为珍贵的第一手资料。克拉肯索普牧师的记述超越了单纯的教区活动报告,深入地描绘了一个处于社会与宗教剧变时期的具体社区的日常脉络。 第一部分:宗教与教会生活(1682-1710) 克拉肯索普牧师的职业生涯横跨了英国政治和宗教格局的动荡期,特别是光荣革命(Glorious Revolution)和随后的《宽容法案》(Toleration Act)的颁布。他的记述详尽记录了教区在这些重大变革中的反应和适应情况。 教区圣礼与敬拜实践: 记录详细说明了每周的礼拜频率、圣餐(Holy Communion)的举行次数,以及洗礼和婚姻的统计数字。特别引人注目的是,克拉肯索普对《公祷书》(Book of Common Prayer)的恪守程度,以及他如何处理那些因政治或个人信仰原因缺席教会或拒绝接受官方教义的教区居民。文献中包含对特定节日的庆典细节描述,揭示了当时地方对国家教会仪式的坚持。 教区长(Vicar)的责任与挑战: 牧师的职责远不止布道。记述中包含了大量关于教会财产管理、教堂维护(例如屋顶维修、唱诗班席位的安排)的财务记录。我们得以一窥教会税收(Tithes)的征收情况,以及如何与富裕的教区捐助者(Patrons)进行沟通和协调。这些记录揭示了教会作为地方权力中心,在财政和物质层面上所面临的持续压力。 异议者(Dissenters)的影响: 鉴于光荣革命后非国教派(Nonconformists)的兴起,克拉肯索普的记述中多次提及对新教异议团体——特别是浸信会(Baptists)和公理会(Independents)——的观察与记录。这些记录并非仅仅是批评,有时也反映了与他们就神学观点进行辩论或共存的复杂现实。例如,他可能记录了教区内特定家庭转向非国教派信仰的统计数字,以及这些转变对地方团结造成的影响。 第二部分:地方治理与社会秩序 作为福尔米尔的牧师,克拉肯索普牧师是地方行政体系中不可或缺的一环,通常与治安官(Justices of the Peace, JPs)和教区会议(Vestry Meetings)紧密合作。 教区会议的活动: 本书最宝贵的贡献之一是提供了对教区会议的细致描绘。这些会议是地方自治的基石,负责征收济贫税(Poor Rates)、修缮道路和桥梁、管理公共设施。克拉肯索普的记录详述了这些会议的辩论焦点,例如:雇佣谁来修复磨坊桥梁、对流动人口的管控、以及如何分配济贫救济金。这些内容是研究地方税收史和地方行政实践的绝佳案例。 济贫事务: 济贫法(Poor Laws)是当时地方政府的核心职能。记述中详细记录了对贫困人口(包括寡妇、孤儿、残疾人和流浪者)的救济标准和方式。克拉肯索普记录了他对那些“懒惰且不愿工作”的居民的看法,以及对那些需要临时援助的家庭的考察结果。这些资料为理解斯塔福德济贫法(Statute of Artificers)在地方层面的执行提供了实证。 道德监督与犯罪记录: 牧师有责任监督教区居民的道德行为。克拉肯索普的记录中偶尔会穿插对通奸、酗酒、赌博等行为的私下评论或正式报告。这些片段揭示了清教徒式的道德理想如何在十八世纪初的乡村环境中受到挑战或试图被维系。虽然他可能不直接审判案件,但他对目睹的不端行为的记录,是研究地方社会规范的重要窗口。 第三部分:经济状况与人口动态 克拉肯索普的记述提供了关于福尔米尔经济结构变化的微观视角。 农业实践与歉收: 1682 年至 1710 年间,英国经历了数次农作物歉收,特别是 1690 年代末的粮食危机。牧师的记录常常与天气和收成挂钩,他会记录下特定年份的谷物价格波动,以及这如何直接影响到教区内佃农的生活水平和救济需求的激增。他对土地使用情况的侧面描述,也暗示了当地主要作物的类型(如谷物、大麦或牧草)。 人口迁移与流动性: 记录中包含对教区人口流动的追踪。他记载了新来定居的家庭的背景,以及那些选择迁往附近城镇(如剑桥城)谋生的教区居民。这种流动性对维持地方社会结构产生了持续的压力。对于那些无力支付教区税款而被迫流离失所的家庭,牧师的记录显得尤为关键。 职业结构: 通过对家庭的登记和对特定事件的描述,我们可以推断出福尔米尔的主要职业构成:自耕农、佃农、工匠(如铁匠、木匠)以及服务于地主阶层的佣工。记述中偶有的关于雇佣合同或学徒安排的提及,补充了我们对地方劳动市场的理解。 第四部分:个人观察与地方风俗 虽然本书的重点是官方记录,但克拉肯索普牧师的个人语调偶尔会渗透进来,使得这些文本更具人情味。 地方人物画像: 记录中常常会提及教区内一些有影响力的人物,例如地主、地方法官或富有的农场主。牧师对这些人物的经济实力、政治立场以及在社区中的作用的描述,为我们构建了地方精英阶层的网络。 地方习俗与迷信: 在处理疾病、死亡或不寻常事件时,牧师的记录有时会触及当时根深蒂固的民间信仰和习俗。虽然作为受过教育的神职人员,他可能持怀疑态度,但记录本身反映了这些信仰在普通教区民众中的影响力。例如,他对特定“疾病”的描述,可能涉及当时流行的民间疗法或对巫术的恐惧。 结论 《福尔米尔教区牧师约翰·克拉肯索普牧师的记述,1682-1710 年》是一份关于英国乡村社会生活多面向的百科全书式的手稿整理。它不仅为历史学家提供了关于教会法、地方政府和经济史的翔实数据,更重要的是,它通过对日常事务的详尽记录,为我们重现了十七世纪末十八世纪初,一个普通剑桥郡村庄的呼吸与律动。这些文本的重要性在于,它们将宏大的历史叙事还原到社区的层面,展现了历史是如何在基层被感知、管理和实践的。

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这本书带给我的,是一种深邃的宁静感,仿佛置身于历史的长河之中,静静地观察着过去的生活。约翰·克拉克索普牧师的账目,就像是一面古老的镜子,折射出17世纪末18世纪初英国乡村社会的方方面面。我沉醉于其中,试图从每一个数字、每一个条目中,去感受那个时代的脉搏。我思考着,当克拉克索普牧师在记录这些账目时,他的内心是否充满了对上帝的敬畏,对教区的责任,以及对生命的感恩?书中对于教区收入的详细列举,也让我对当时的税收制度和教会的经济来源有了更直观的认识。例如,土地租金、什一税等,这些都是构成教会经济基础的重要部分。同时,我也看到了教会的支出,用于支持牧师的生活、教堂的维护、以及可能存在的慈善活动。The sheer volume of meticulously recorded financial data in this volume is astounding and offers a profound insight into the economic underpinnings of parish life during the specified period. Reverend John Crakanthorp's diligence in documenting every transaction, from tithes collected to expenses incurred for church maintenance, provides an invaluable primary source for understanding the material realities of the time. I found myself attempting to correlate the expenditure patterns with potential events or needs within the community, such as agricultural yields influencing tithe income or specific repair projects impacting outgoings. The Cambridgeshire Records Society's commitment to preserving and publishing such granular historical material is vital, offering a tangible connection to the past that broad historical surveys often cannot provide. It’s a testament to the enduring significance of even the most seemingly mundane records when viewed through the lens of historical inquiry, allowing us to reconstruct aspects of daily existence that would otherwise be lost to time. The detailed breakdown of income and expenditure offers a remarkable case study in early modern financial management within a religious institution.

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这本书最大的魅力在于它的“真实性”和“细节”。它没有经过后人的修饰和美化,而是直接呈现了17世纪末18世纪初一个乡村牧师的财务状况。这让我有机会从一个非常微观的视角,去理解当时社会的经济运行机制。我特别留意那些关于“农业收入”、“牲畜交易”的记录,这能够反映出当时当地的主要产业以及人们的生计方式。例如,如果记录中频繁出现对羊毛或谷物的收入描述,我便可以推断出当地的农业经济是以畜牧业或种植业为主。The depth and breadth of the financial information contained within "Accounts of the Reverend John Crakanthorp of Fowlmere, 1682-1710" are truly remarkable. It's not merely a collection of numbers; it's a vibrant mosaic of daily life, economic activity, and the administrative duties of a clergyman in early modern England. I found myself particularly drawn to the entries that detailed expenditures related to the upkeep of the church building, as these provided concrete examples of the practical challenges faced in maintaining such historical structures. The meticulous cataloging of items, from the purchase of building materials to the remuneration of laborers, offers a unique perspective on historical construction and maintenance practices. The Cambridgeshire Records Society's role in making these primary sources available is invaluable for scholars and enthusiasts alike, allowing for a grounded and empirical understanding of the period's socio-economic fabric. The very act of preserving and publishing such a detailed record underscores the historical importance of even the most granular documentation, shedding light on aspects of life that might otherwise remain obscured. The insights gleaned from these financial records can inform a wide range of historical research, from agricultural history to ecclesiastical administration.

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这本书的价值,在我看来,并不仅仅在于它是一份历史文献,更在于它能够激发读者的想象力和联想。当我看到书中关于“教堂维修”、“传教活动”或“慈善捐助”的记录时,我便开始思考这些事务在当时社会中的具体运作方式。例如,教堂的维修需要哪些材料?工匠的费用是多少?这些钱是从何而来?是教区居民的捐赠,还是教会自己的收入?而慈善捐助,又具体是捐赠了什么?是食物,衣物,还是金钱?这些问题,虽然书中不一定直接给出答案,但它提供了一个基础,让我可以带着这些问题去进一步探索和研究。The sheer granularity of the financial entries, detailing expenditures for everything from candles and wine for services to repairs on the parsonage, paints a surprisingly vivid picture of the practicalities of parish life. It's not just abstract history; it's about the tangible needs and resources of a community. I found myself trying to mentally reconstruct the local economy based on the prices of goods and services mentioned. What was the going rate for a day's labor? How much did a bushel of wheat cost? These details, while seemingly mundane, provide a crucial economic baseline for understanding the era. The painstaking nature of such record-keeping also implies a structured and perhaps bureaucratic aspect to the church's administration, even at a local level. It speaks to a certain level of institutional organization that might not be immediately apparent when thinking about a rural clergyman in the late 17th century. The preservation and publication of such a detailed account by the Cambridgeshire Records Society is invaluable for anyone seeking a grounded understanding of the material realities of historical periods.

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不得不说,阅读《福尔梅尔的约翰·克拉克索普牧师账目,1682-1710》的过程,更像是一次考古挖掘,每一次翻页都可能发现新的“遗迹”。作者(或整理者)的辛勤工作,将这些古老的账簿转化为可供现代人阅读的文本,本身就值得称赞。书中收录的不仅仅是数字,还包含了一些文字记录,这些零散的文字,如同在废墟中发现的碎片,却能勾勒出更完整的故事。我特别关注那些可能涉及人际交往、社区事件或重要节庆的记录。例如,是否有关于当地集市、农闲时节的娱乐活动,或者特殊教会仪式的花费?这些细节能够帮助我理解当时人们的社会生活和文化习俗。The sheer dedication required to compile and present such a comprehensive record is truly commendable. It's not just about transcribing numbers; it's about understanding the context and potentially even the handwriting and archaic terminology. As I delved into the financial transactions, I found myself trying to infer the social dynamics at play. Were there significant donations from wealthier parishioners? Were there instances of charity or assistance provided to the less fortunate? The accounts, even in their seemingly neutral presentation of income and expenditure, offer glimpses into the economic stratification and social responsibilities within the community. The Cambridgeshire Records Society's role in making this accessible is crucial for historical scholarship and for the general reader alike, offering a rare window into the minutiae of daily life that is often overlooked in broader historical narratives. The meticulous cataloging of each item, from agricultural produce to household supplies, provides a rich tapestry of information about the material culture and economic activities of the time.

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我对这本《福尔梅尔的约翰·克拉克索普牧师账目,1682-1710》的阅读体验,可以用“沉浸式”来形容。阅读过程中,我时常会暂停下来,闭上眼睛,试图去想象克拉克索普牧师当时的生活场景。他会是怎样一个形象?他的声音是洪亮还是温和?他在撰写这些账目时,是否会想起记录的每一笔交易背后所代表的人物和故事?书中对于收入和支出的细致描述,不仅仅是冷冰冰的数字,更像是打开了一扇窗,让我得以一窥当时当地的经济状况,物价水平,以及人们的消费习惯。我能够从中推测出当时的农作物价格,牲畜的价值,甚至是一些日常用品的成本,这对于理解当时普通民众的生活水平至关重要。Furthermore, the very act of meticulously recording these accounts suggests a character of diligence, orderliness, and perhaps even a certain degree of conscientiousness on the part of Reverend John Crakanthorp. It speaks volumes about the responsibilities and daily routines of a clergyman in rural England during that period, extending far beyond purely spiritual duties. The fact that these records have been preserved and made accessible by the Cambridgeshire Records Society is a testament to their historical significance, allowing us to connect with a bygone era in a remarkably tangible way. The sheer volume of meticulous detail presented is overwhelming in the best possible way, offering a granular view of a life and a community that would otherwise remain largely unseen and unheard by modern readers.

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阅读《福尔梅尔的约翰·克拉克索普牧师账目,1682-1710》的过程,是一场耐心和细致的游戏。我需要仔细地去辨认那些可能因为年代久远而模糊的字迹,去理解那些可能已经不再使用的经济术语。但正是这种挑战,让我更深刻地体会到历史研究的乐趣。我尝试去将这些记录与已知的历史背景相结合,去推测这些数字背后的社会意义。例如,是否有某些年份的收入明显高于其他年份?这可能与当年的收成、战争时期、还是特殊的政策有关?The detailed nature of the accounts presented in this volume offers an unparalleled opportunity to understand the economic realities of rural parish life in England at the cusp of the 18th century. Reverend John Crakanthorp's meticulous record-keeping provides a granular view of income and expenditure, allowing readers to reconstruct the financial landscape of Fowlmere during this period. I found myself particularly interested in the various sources of income for the parish, such as tithes and fees for services, and how these were managed. The corresponding expenditures, detailing costs for repairs, supplies, and potentially charitable acts, offer insights into the practicalities of maintaining a church and supporting its community. The Cambridgeshire Records Society's commitment to preserving and publishing such primary source materials is crucial for historical scholarship, providing essential data for understanding the economic and social history of the region. The sheer volume of information encourages a thorough examination of the intricate workings of a local ecclesiastical economy. Each entry, no matter how small, contributes to a larger understanding of the period's financial practices and the role of the church within society.

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这本《福尔梅尔的约翰·克拉克索普牧师账目,1682-1710》(剑桥郡记录学会)着实是一部引人入胜的著作,虽然我本人并非历史研究的专家,但作为一名对英国早期现代史充满好奇的普通读者,我发现自己被深深地吸引住了。首先,封面设计便散发着一种古老而庄重的气息,虽然简洁,却恰到好处地暗示了书中内容的厚重。当我翻开第一页,脑海中浮现的并非枯燥的数字或晦涩的学术论证,而是生动鲜活的17世纪末至18世纪初的英国乡村生活图景。作者(或说是记录者)的笔触,即便是在记录账目这种看似枯燥的材料时,也仿佛注入了生命力,让我能够窥见一个名叫约翰·克拉克索普的牧师,在福尔梅尔这个地方,是如何度过他生命中的一段重要时光的。从文中零星透露的细节,我能够想象到当时的乡村社会是怎样的运作模式,人们的日常生活是怎样的,教会扮演着怎样的角色,以及像克拉克索普牧师这样的精神领袖,是如何在其中扮演着关键的枢纽作用。这种从细微之处窥见时代全貌的体验,对于我这样喜欢从生活细节中理解历史的读者来说,是极其珍贵的。更不用说,剑桥郡记录学会的出版物,向来以其严谨的校勘和考证而著称,这让我对书中内容的准确性充满了信心,也为我的阅读体验增添了一层可靠的保障。

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当我翻阅《福尔梅尔的约翰·克拉克索普牧师账目,1682-1710》时,我感受到了一种穿越时空的对话。这些泛黄的纸页上记录的不仅仅是数字,更是无数个生活片段的集合。我脑海中描绘出克拉克索普牧师的形象,他可能是一位虔诚的牧师,也是一位精明的管家,他如何在复杂的财务管理中,平衡教会的日常运转和社区的需求?书中关于“购买蜡烛”、“修理窗户”等条目,虽然简短,却能让我联想到当时教堂内部的真实景象,以及维持其运转所需要的具体努力。Furthermore, the accounts offer a fascinating glimpse into the broader economic landscape of rural Cambridgeshire during the turn of the 18th century. The prices of goods and services detailed within the ledger can be used to infer purchasing power, the cost of living, and the general economic health of the region. I found myself mentally comparing the costs of various items to contemporary prices, though such comparisons are fraught with the complexities of inflation and differing standards of living. The meticulous nature of the bookkeeping also speaks to the administrative capabilities and expectations placed upon a parish clergyman, demonstrating that their role extended significantly beyond purely spiritual guidance. The Cambridgeshire Records Society's dedication to presenting such primary source material in an accessible format is a tremendous service to historians and anyone interested in social and economic history, providing a tangible link to the everyday realities of the past. The sheer detail present in each entry invites deeper analysis and interpretation of the period's economic structures and practices.

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这本书带给我一种“触摸历史”的奇妙感觉。虽然我无法亲眼见到约翰·克拉克索普牧师本人,但通过他留下的账目,我仿佛能感受到他指尖的温度,听到他笔尖在纸上划过的沙沙声。这些记录,不仅仅是冷冰冰的数字,更是那个时代普通人生活的真实写照。我特别喜欢那些关于“祭祀用品”、“教堂装饰”的支出,这让我能够想象出当时教堂内部的陈设和氛围,以及为了维护这些而付出的努力。The comprehensive nature of Reverend John Crakanthorp's accounts, spanning over two decades, offers a rare and invaluable insight into the financial operations of a rural parish in England during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The meticulous recording of income from various sources, such as tithes, glebe land, and fees for christenings, marriages, and burials, alongside detailed expenditure for church maintenance, clergy stipends, and possibly charitable disbursements, provides a rich tapestry of socio-economic data. I found myself particularly engrossed in attempting to discern patterns and anomalies within the financial records, speculating on the reasons behind fluctuations in income or expenditure. The Cambridgeshire Records Society's dedication to publishing such primary sources is commendable, as it makes accessible a wealth of information that is fundamental to understanding the material culture and economic history of the period. The sheer detail present allows for a nuanced understanding of the daily challenges and administrative responsibilities faced by a clergyman in that era, offering a tangible link to the past that goes beyond broader historical narratives. The carefully documented entries serve as a primary source for understanding the value of goods and services, as well as the economic structure of the community.

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《福尔梅尔的约翰·克拉克索普牧师账目,1682-1710》是一本需要细细品味的著作。它可能不像情节跌宕起伏的小说那样引人入胜,但它所蕴含的历史信息和时代印记,却能带来一种更为深沉的满足感。我享受其中,将那些看似零散的财务记录,串联成一幅关于17世纪末18世纪初英国乡村生活的生动画面。我脑海中不断闪现着,克拉克索普牧师如何在这种细致的财务管理中,维系着教会的正常运转,服务着他的教区,并且作为那个时代的一份子,努力地生活着。The historical significance of this volume, "Accounts of the Reverend John Crakanthorp of Fowlmere, 1682-1710," lies in its unparalleled detail regarding the economic and administrative life of a rural English parish during a pivotal historical period. Reverend John Crakanthorp's meticulous recording of financial transactions provides a granular lens through which to view the daily operations of the church and the broader economic landscape of the time. I found myself captivated by the sheer scope of the records, which encompass a wide array of income and expenditure items, from agricultural produce to the cost of liturgical supplies. The Cambridgeshire Records Society's commitment to preserving and publishing such primary sources is invaluable for historical research, offering a direct connection to the past that allows for a profound understanding of the material realities and social structures of the era. The meticulous nature of the bookkeeping also sheds light on the organizational capacity and expectations placed upon a clergyman, demonstrating that their role extended significantly into the realm of financial management and community stewardship. The volume serves as a rich resource for scholars interested in social history, economic history, and the history of the Church of England.

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