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When it was first published in France in 1961 as Folie et Déraison: Histoire de la Folie à l'âge Classique, few had heard of a thirty-four year old philosopher by the name of Michel Foucault. By the time an abridged English edition was published in 1967 as Madness and Civilization, Michel Foucault had shaken the intellectual world.

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This translation is the first English edition of the complete French texts of the first and second edition, including all prefaces and appendices, some of them unavailable in the existing French edition.

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History of Madness begins in the Middle Ages with vivid descriptions of the exclusion and confinement of lepers. Why, Foucault asks, when the leper houses were emptied at the end of the Middle Ages, were they turned into places of confinement for the mad? Why, within the space of several months in 1656, was one out of every hundred people in Paris confined?

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Shifting brilliantly from Descartes and early Enlightenment thought to the founding of the Hôpital Général in Paris and the work of early psychiatrists Philippe Pinel and Samuel Tuke, Foucault focuses throughout, not only on scientific and medical analyses of madness, but also on the philosophical and cultural values attached to the mad. He also urges us to recognize the creative and liberating forces that madness represents, brilliantly drawing on examples from Goya, Nietzsche, Van Gogh and Artaud.

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The History of Madness is an inspiring and classic work that challenges us to understand madness, reason and power and the forces that shape them.

Michel Foucault (1926-84). Celebrated French thinker and activist who challenged people's assumptions about care of the mentally ill, gay rights, prisons, the police and welfare.

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Jean Khalfa is a lecturer in French at Cambridge University, UK.

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Jonathan Murphy is an experienced translator, editor and lecturer.

Foreword: History and Significance of Foucault’s History of Madness
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Prefaces
- 1. 1961 Edition
- 2. 1972 Edition
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Part 1
1. Stultifera Navis
2. The Great Confinement
3. The Correctional World
4. Experiences of Madness
5. The Insane
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Part 2
1. The Madman in the Garden of Species
2. The Transcendence of Delirium
3. Figures of Madness
4. Doctors and Patients
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Part 3
1. The Great Fear
2. The New Division
3. The Proper Use of Liberty
4. Birth of the Asylum
5. The Anthropological Circle
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Appendices
1. Réponse à Derrida (Michel Foucault Derrida e no kaino Paideia (Tokyo) February 1972)
2. La Folie, l'absence d'oeuvre
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Appendix 1 of 1972 Edition 3. Mon corps, ce papier, ce feu
Appendix 2 of 1972 Edition
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Notes
Bibliography
Critical Bibliography on Foucault’s History of Madness
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