represenlalions of animals. The hn gest works of art ever made are tile giant animals In the Bible the animals are simply categorized as beasts， cattle， creep<br >described on Ihe pampa ill present-day Peru， which dale Ii nm prehistoric times， things， fowl and birds. Today the demands of science are more exacting and<br > 1，~， ith the arrival of lhe Cllristian era tile story of Noah s Ark captured the life on earth is elassiiied according to the Linnaean system， which was form~<br >inlaginatinn of countless artisls and it has been a popular theme of western art for in the 1750s by the Swedish naturalist and founder of taxonomy Carl yon Lir<br >hundreds of years. An early example can he found ill the frescoes by the (called Carolus Linnaeus). This universal system is a precise method of<br >fourlcenlh-century Sienese master Bartoln di Fredi in tile Collegiate Church of classifying a living organism by the use of two Latinized words indicating th<br >San Gimignano and a laler one in The Animals Going hllo the Ark by the genus and species. The complete hierarchical system lists as many as tweW<br >sixleen -century Venetian Jacopo Bassano， who was all early specialist in " "<br > "Noah s Ark* Ily Edwart H cks. 1846. The animals enler lhe Ark as Ihe deluge apt:to，a， hes over<br >paintilltz [lllillUI]S as was his near contenlporary Jan Bruegel ill the Nelherlands nineteenth-century Pennsyh u a<br >wh，，. a，，，-，，g ，n，my others， alsn pai，，led this subject. Probably the nlost evocative ~，~ I~ ~-<br >am1， l. m3 mind， lhe nlost char|ning painting of Noah s Ark is that painted in 1846 ， .<br >b) th， X，~，，，rican， Edward Hicks. tticks， who lived and worked in Pennsylvania inIll<br >the I.，!，. ，，i.，I l~ enlh and early nineteenth centuries， was a Quaker preacher who<br >lmi，l， ，! ，:~ !~i~ Hmre time and is regarded luday as one of the world s greatest ~:!<br > ~ 1<br >nail，，~ ill !1:~1， .<br > I ， ~I，t3 Ihe earliest analytical study ofthis story was made in Area NoiY， ， :~" .. .<br >pul，lisl，， : ，， 1~:;73 by the German scientisl Athanasius t~ircher， lie precisely dated : ~ ~<br >lh.， I1，，，. ，: :~ltl ~，. He suggesled thai Ihe animals were disposed aboard the Ark<br >wJlh Ih， i，.~ slore ~ housing tile birds and human living quarters (we know :":<br >tr.m f!~ ，!， ，， Ihal the crew nun|bered eight)， the middle slorey tile stores and ~<br >provJ..[，，:>， ，~i.I Ille luv~tJr storey the quadrupeds. The se| pents， no doul)t on m ~<br >，c( .~.~ .，， r previous misbellavinur ill the Garden uf F.den， were wisely lett Io ~l~<br >their，，，. ， ~ices in the bilge. Kircher explained the ahsence of any uther<br >cr，-ahH， ， ~ostating lilt received wisdonl of the age that insects - which in<br >~e~: t~t~ I ~ i lilury ternliwlology hlcluded Sl.lch creatures as frogs， nlice and e.<br >scoq.，，，: did not reproduce in tile convelllional manner bul rather by i:<br >del ..i ，，:- !heir seed bw rotting carcasses or on vegetation， which was then eaten~; ic"~， ，<br >hy olh~ ~ ， "，flures and subsequently expelled as dung frunl which they hatched. .~，~<br > lhtq~. ~，，，， haxe I，een rio shortage of this last substance aboard the Ark. Ki| cher i : :<br >~ds. lib，is lb. animals that were excluded li"mn tile Ark， which numbered fabulous~ ~ : :<br >beasl~ xtJch as mernlaids， gryphons， manticores， u|licorns and giants as well as ~ . i.<br >tile equafl:~ mythical hybrids. These included tile eamcleopard， l ruit of the nlating ~at""~( "<br >of the p.t~tt.，r at d the camel， tire hippardium from the panther and horse， tile~.，，，~ .<br >allopev.，pilldcum h on| tile lox and the monkey and tile armadillo fronl tile :. ~(，~ t<br >bedgebo~ imd the Im toise.<br > :" ~ : : ~}| 8<br >