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From the sixteen to the eighteenth century, new anatomical investigations of the brain and the nervous system, together with a renewed interest in comparative anatomy, allowed doctors and philosophers to ground their theories on sense perception, the emergence of human intelligence, and the soul/body relationship in modern science. They investigated the anatomical structures and the physiological processes underlying the rise, differentiation, and articulation of human cognitive activities, and looked for the “anatomical roots” of the specificity of human intelligence when compared to other forms of animal sensibility. This edited volume focuses on medical and philosophical debates on human intelligence and animal perception in the early modern age, providing fresh insights into the influence of medical discourse on the rise of modern philosophical anthropology. Contributions from distinguished historians of philosophy and medicine focus on sixteenth-century zoological, psychological, and embryological discourses on man; the impact of mechanism and comparative anatomy on philosophical conceptions of body and soul; and the key status of sensibility in the medical and philosophical enlightenment.

Stefanie Buchenau is maitre de conferences, Departement d'Etudes germaniques, Universite Paris 8-Saint Denis.

Roberto Lo Presti is lecturer at the Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Institut fur Klassische Philologie.

Preface ix
Introduction 1
Stefanie Buchenau & Roberto Lo Presti
SIXTEENTH-CENTURY ARISTOTELIAN ANTHROPOLOGY BETWEEN
ZOOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, & EMBRYOLOGY
1. Renaissance Aristotelianism & the Birth of Anthropology 17
Simone De Angelis
2. (Dis)embodied Thinking & the Scale of Beings: Pietro Pomponazzi & Agostino Nifo on the “Psychic” Processes in Men & Animals 37
Roberto Lo Presti
3. For Christ’s Sake: Pious Notions of the Human & Animal Body in Early Jesuit Philosophy & Theology 55
Christoph Sander
4. Renaissance Psychology: Francisco Vallesius (1524–1592) & Otto Casmann (1562–1607) on Animal & Human Souls 74
Davide Cellamare
5. Human & Animal Generation in Renaissance Medical Debates 89
Hiro Hirai
6. “Rational Surgery” by Building on Tradition: Ambroise Paré’s Conception of “Medical” Knowledge of the Human Body 99
Marie Gaille
PART II. HUMANS, ANIMALS, & THE RISE OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
7. Diseases of the Brain Seen through Giovanni Battista Morgagni’s Eyes 113
Domenico Bertoloni Meli
8. Between Language, Music, & Sound: Birdsong as a Philosophical Problem from Aristotle to Kant 127
Justin E. H. Smith
9. Boundary Crossings: The Blurring of the Human/Animal Divide as Naturalization of the Soul in Early Modern Philosophy 147
Charles T. Wolfe
10. How Animals May Help Us Understand Men: Thomas Willis’s Anatomy of the Brain (1664) & Two Discourses Concerning the Soules of Brutes (1672) 173
Claire Crignon
11. Political Animals in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy: Some Rival Paradigms (Hobbes and Gassendi) 186
Gianni Paganini
PART III.EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY INQUIRIES INTO THE NATURE OF SENSIBILITY
12. Degrees & Forms of Sensibility in Haller’s Physiology 201
François Duchesneau
13. Anthropological Medicine & the Naturalization of Sensibility 221
Stephen Gaukroger
14. Cabanis & the Order of Interaction 236
Tobias Cheung
15. Self-Feeling: Aristotelian Patterns in Ernst Platner’s Anthropology for Physicians and Philosophers (1772) 246
Stefanie Buchenau
Notes
Bibliography
Contributors
Index
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