Peter Thorsheim is an assistant professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Britain's supremacy in the nineteenth century depended in large part on its vast deposits of coal. This coal not only powered steam engines in factories, ships, and railway locomotives but also warmed homes and cooked food. As coal consumption skyrocketed, the air in Britain's cities and towns became filled with ever-greater and denser clouds of smoke. In this far-reaching study, Peter Thorsheim explains that, for much of the nineteenth century, few people in Britain even considered coal smoke to be pollution. To them, pollution meant miasma: invisible gases generated by decomposing plant and animal matter. Far from viewing coal smoke as pollution, most people considered smoke to be a valuable disinfectant, for its carbon and sulfur were thought capable of rendering miasma harmless. Inventing Pollution examines the radically new understanding of pollution that emerged in the late nineteenth century, one that centered not on organic decay but on coal combustion. This change, as Peter Thorsheim argues, gave birth to the smoke-abatement movement and to new ways of thinking about the relationships among humanity, technology, and the environment.
又到了戴着口罩出门,望天哼《天灰》的季节。 雾霾这个词还是我2013年回国之后才深刻体会的,走在路上,北京的空气闻起来像刚刚放过了炮仗一样,很呛人。一个月的时间都在流鼻血,慢慢适应了,发现人的忍耐力还真是够强啊。但总觉得有点儿不太对。看柴静2015年自费拍摄的聚焦空...
評分文/吴情 一种流行的说法是,真理只能被人发现,而不能被发明。这在自然科学领域内被奉为圭臬,但在社会科学和人文学科领域中,多数时候应慎之又慎,至少在得出结论前先须加上问号。我们现今拥有的、支撑我们生产生活的常识,在许多年前甚至不久远的过去,几近不可思议...
評分 評分直到20世纪最初那几年,也就是英国工业革命开始一百多年以后,英国人才开始发现驱动蒸汽机的煤炭燃烧排放出来的煤烟与水汽化形成的雾不是同一种物质,并将其命名为“烟雾”(smog)。 在过去,人们常常将煤烟和水汽的混合物笼统地称作雾。 在时人眼里,城里的雾与乡村的雾是不...
評分又到了戴着口罩出门,望天哼《天灰》的季节。 雾霾这个词还是我2013年回国之后才深刻体会的,走在路上,北京的空气闻起来像刚刚放过了炮仗一样,很呛人。一个月的时间都在流鼻血,慢慢适应了,发现人的忍耐力还真是够强啊。但总觉得有点儿不太对。看柴静2015年自费拍摄的聚焦空...
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