Peter Thorsheim is an assistant professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Britain's supremacy in the nineteenth century depended in large part on its vast deposits of coal. This coal not only powered steam engines in factories, ships, and railway locomotives but also warmed homes and cooked food. As coal consumption skyrocketed, the air in Britain's cities and towns became filled with ever-greater and denser clouds of smoke. In this far-reaching study, Peter Thorsheim explains that, for much of the nineteenth century, few people in Britain even considered coal smoke to be pollution. To them, pollution meant miasma: invisible gases generated by decomposing plant and animal matter. Far from viewing coal smoke as pollution, most people considered smoke to be a valuable disinfectant, for its carbon and sulfur were thought capable of rendering miasma harmless. Inventing Pollution examines the radically new understanding of pollution that emerged in the late nineteenth century, one that centered not on organic decay but on coal combustion. This change, as Peter Thorsheim argues, gave birth to the smoke-abatement movement and to new ways of thinking about the relationships among humanity, technology, and the environment.
污染不仅是一个科学概念,也是一个文化社会概念。这本书描述了英国历史上对污染的认识和应对的变迁。英国历史上与污染作长期斗争,除了政府机构,还有社会民间组织,以及广大公众。我们现在面对的一些难题,英国甚至在一个多世纪以前都面对过。但也有特殊之处,英国社会在十九...
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評分作为世界上第一个工业化国家、第一个城市化占主导地位的国家,英国的工业发展史是许多史学家研究的重点。同时,英国也是现代污染观念的起源之地,研究英国的空气污染史对于当前世界普遍存在的环境污染、气候变化问题意义重大。 北卡罗来纳大学历史系助教彼得.索尔谢姆援用大量...
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