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Today scientific, technological and cultural knowledge is shared worldwide. The extent to which globalized knowledge also existed in the past is an open question and, moreover, a question that is important for understanding present processes of globalization. This book, the first volume of the series "Studies" of the "Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge," the result of an interdisciplinary cooperation launched in 2007 by a Dahlem Conference, offers surprising answers to this question.

Long-distance and intercontinental connections with an attendant spread of knowledge are as old as Homo sapiens themselves. Since its inception, the globalization of knowledge has been a process with its own dynamics, interfering significantly with other processes of intercultural transmission. The four parts of this volume address historical phases in which the production, transmission and transformation of knowledge were crucial for advancing these processes. Part 1 investigates a series of processes in the very early phases of globalization, from the transmission of practical knowledge to the emergence of science. Part 2 explores how knowledge was disseminated as a consequence of the spread of power and belief structures. Part 3 deals with the encounters between culturally specific knowledge and globalized knowledge. Part 4 is dedicated to the globalization of modern science and to the great challenges, such as energy supply and climate change, that humanity faces when dealing with knowledge today

The 97th Dahlem Workshop:

The present volume is based on the 97th Dahlem Workshop on Globalization of Knowledge and its Consequences, Berlin, 18–23 November 2007, coordinated by Katharina Ochse.

Participants:

Ian Baldwin, Angelo Baracca, Fabio Bevilacqua, Maria Emilia Beyer, Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Gianluca Bocchi, István M. Bodnár, Jens Erland Braarvig, Chiara Brambilla, Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum, Jacob Dahl, Peter Damerow, Hansjörg Dilger, Kostas Gavroglu, Matteo Gerlini, Denise Gimpel, Gerd Graßhoff, Hans Falk Hoffmann, Dirk Hofäcker, Jarita C. Holbrook, Malcolm D. Hyman, Birgit Krawietz, Manfred Krebernik, Joachim Kurtz, Manolis Patiniotis, Albert Presas I Puig, Daniel T. Potts, Dhruv Raina, Jürgen Renn, Richard Rottenburg, Dagmar Schäfer, Matthias Schemmel, Mark Schiefsky, Meredith Schuman, Gebhard J. Selz, Martina Siebert, Circe Mary Silva da Silva, Ana Simões, Tzveta Sofronieva, Saran Solongo, Karin Tybjerg, Hans Ulrich Vogel, Milena Wazeck, Gerhard Wolf, Harriet T. Zurndorfer

Jurgen Renn is Director at the Max Planck Institute For the History of Science in Berlin. He is Honorary Professor at the Humboldt University and the Free University in Berlin and member of the Leopoldina. His research focuses on the history of ancient and early modern mechanics, the history of relativity and quantum theory and the interaction between cognitive and contextual factors in the history of science.

Preface
Jürgen Renn
About the Contributions
World Map – Chapter Overview
About the Contributors
1The Globalization of Knowledge in History: An Introduction
Jürgen Renn, Malcolm D. Hyman
2Knowledge and Science in Current Discussions of Globalization
Helge Wendt, Jürgen Renn
PART 1: From Technology Transfer to the Origins of Science
3Survey: From Technology Transfer to the Origins of Science
Malcolm D. Hyman, Jürgen Renn
4Technological Transfer and Innovation in Ancient Eurasia
Daniel T. Potts
5Writing, Language and Textuality: Conditions for the Transmission of Knowledge in the Ancient Near East
Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum
6The Origins of Writing and Arithmetic
Peter Damerow
7Globalization of Ancient Knowledge: From Babylonian Observations to Scientific Regularities
Gerd Graßhoff
8The Creation of Second-Order Knowledge in Ancient Greek Science as a Process in the Globalization of Knowledge
Mark Schiefsky
PART 2: Knowledge as a Fellow Traveler
9Survey: Knowledge as a Fellow Traveler
Jürgen Renn
10The Spread of Buddhism as Globalization of Knowledge
Jens Braarvig
11The Transmission of Scientific Knowledge from Europe to China in the Early Modern Period
Matthias Schemmel
12Normative Islam and Global Scientific Knowledge
Birgit Krawietz
13From Khwarazm to Cordoba: The Propagation of Non-Religious Knowledge in the Islamic Empire
Gotthard Strohmaier
14The Sciences in Europe: Transmitting Centers and the Appropriating Peripheries
Manolis Patiniotis, Kostas Gavroglu
15The Naturalization of Modern Science in South Asia: A Historical Overview of the Processes of Domestication and Globalization
Dhruv Raina
PART 3: The Place of Local Knowledge in the Global Community
16Survey: The Place of Local Knowledge in the Global Community
Jürgen Renn
17Taking China to the World, Taking the World to China: Chen Hengzhe and an Early Globalizing Project
Denise Gimpel
18The Introduction of the European University System in Brazil
Oscar Abdounur, Adriana Cesar de Mattos
19Celestial Navigation and Technological Change on Moce Island
Jarita C. Holbrook
20Translation of Central Banking to Developing Countries in the Post-World War II Period: The Case of the Bank of Israel
Arie Krampf
21On Juridico-Political Foundations of Meta-Codes
Richard Rottenburg
22The (Ir)Relevance of Local Knowledge: Circuits of Medicine and Biopower in the Neoliberal Era
Hansjörg Dilger
23The Transformations of Knowledge Through Cultural Interactions in Brazil: The Case of the Tupinikim and the Guarani
Circe Mary Silva da Silva, Ligia Arantes Sad
PART 4: The Globalization of Modern Science
24Survey: The Globalization of Modern Science
Jürgen Renn, Malcolm D. Hyman
25The University of the 21st Century: An Aspect of Globalization
Yehuda Elkana
26The Soviet Psychologists and the Path to International Psychology
Ludmila Hyman
27The Global Diffusion of Nuclear Technology
Angelo Baracca
28The Role of Open and Global Communication in Particle Physics
Hans Falk Hoffmann
29Internationalism and the History of Molecular Biology
Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
30The Role of Chemistry in the Global Energy Challenge
Robert Schlögl
31Climate Change as a Global Challenge – and its Implications for Knowledge Generation and Dissemination
Daniel Klingenfeld, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber
32Toward an Epistemic Web
Malcolm D. Hyman, Jürgen Renn
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