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“作文难，难于上青天！苦思冥想难为句，东拼西凑不成篇……”对于基础薄弱考生而言，

应该没有哪个题型比写作更让人头疼了。常常是模板背了一大堆，范文背了几十篇，到了考场上，却依然无从下笔。为了帮助基础薄弱考生攻克写作难题，我们经过十余年的不断探索和持续创新，精心打磨出这本“英语（一）基础薄弱考生专用”的《写作 １６０篇》。它能帮助考生在系统夯实写作基础和全面熟悉可考话题的基础上，实现考研作文的大幅提分！

一、系统夯实写作基础

提到英语基础，很多人脑海中都会出现“词汇”和“语法”这两个关键词。那么，词汇量丰富，语法功底深厚，就肯定能写出高分作文吗？换句话说，基础不好，只要专攻词汇和语法，就能在写作方面有所突破吗？经过我们多年来的广泛调研和深入分析，可以断定，词汇和语法并非“基础薄弱考生难以攻克写作难题”的症结所在。原因无他，只因“英语基础≠写作基础”！

那么，写作的基础到底是什么呢？对于这一疑问，《写作１６０篇》经过系统梳理和层层圈定，创新性地为基础薄弱考生界定了考研英语（一）的写作基础———８００个写作高分词汇 ＋５大英语基础句型＋６大考研经典模板＋３大思路突破定律＋３６条语言突破法则。我们建议考生按照如下顺序复习：

（一）速记８００个写作高分词汇

词汇是考研英语作文的基本单位，是文章意义的主要承担者。英语写作水平的高低在很大程度上取决于词汇使用的准确性和灵活性。而大多数考生在复习时，仅将精力用于识记考研英语大纲词汇上，忽视了“大纲词汇≠写作词汇”这一事实，因而陷入“单词记了 ５０００＋，写作文时仍不知该用哪些词汇表达”的困境。

对此，本书精心筛选了约 ８００个考研英语（一）写作高分词汇，以期帮助考生打破“无词可写、用词单一”的窘境。值得一提的是，对于这 ８００个词汇，本书还从“题材”和“词性”两大维度入手，对其进行了系统分类，以便考生在写作时快速准确地调用。具体而言，按照题材记忆，有利于考生在看到某一话题时，迅速在大脑中搜索与该话题相关的词汇；而按照词性记忆，则有利于考生在具体创作时，写出合乎语法规范、表意准确无误的句子。

（二）搞定５大英语基础句型

很多考生在刚开始复习写作时，就致力于写出“结构多变、句式丰富”的文章。诚然，这样的文章更容易获得阅卷老师的青睐。但是，假如你的基础并不扎实，则很可能会弄巧成拙，导致“错误满篇，分数低下”。因此，我们建议基础薄弱的考生在速记高分词汇之后，先学会运用 ５大英语基础句型进行写作，然后再逐步丰富文章的语法结构和写作句式。

（三）熟背６大考研经典模板

“背了好多词汇和句型，就是不知怎样将其组织成一篇完整的文章。”———这是绝大多数基础薄弱考生在复习时遇到的又一难题。而背诵模板无疑能让考生快速走出这一困境。简而言之，模板能够帮助考生具化写作思路，建立写作框架，使其在短时间内迅速将零散的写作素材有机地组织起来，形成一篇“思路清晰，框架完整”的考研英语作文。

为了减轻考生的记忆负担，本书对历年考研英语（一）真题进行了系统分析，发现短文写作均可归于６大主题。针对每一类型主题，编者均提供了２个模板，考生可根据自身情况选择初级模板或升级模板进行背诵，以快速脱离无从下笔之窘境。

（四）掌握３大思路突破定律

不可否认，模板对于基础薄弱考生有着非常重大的意义和价值。但是，只有突破模板，消除阅卷老师的“审美疲劳”，你的作文才有可能获取高分。为了帮助考生从宏观思路上摆脱模板框架的约束，本书创造性地归纳出了“３大思路突破定律”，以推动文章实现“结构由单一到全面”“要点由部分到完整”“深度由表象到内里”三方面的提升。

（五）巧用３６条语言突破法则

若想大幅提分，考生还应在微观语言上有所突破，因为富于变化的句式往往能够快速引起阅卷老师的关注。对此，本书层层筛选真题句式，最终敲定“３６条语言突破法则”，以指导考生将枯燥乏味的句子变得饱满生动，跌宕起伏。

二、全面熟悉可考话题

“系统夯实写作基础”是基础薄弱考生突破写作、大幅提分的必经之路，但除此之外，考生还需通过集中训练所有可考话题来实现考研英语作文的质变飞跃。针对考生的这一诉求，本书“全面涵盖可考话题”，涉及命题可能触及的各种题材，创下了 １４次命中真题作文的骄人记录。另外，为了帮助考生节约复习时间，本书将１６０篇范文按照话题的重要程度分为３类，以满足基础薄弱考生不同阶段的复习需求。

（一）３２篇真题背诵范文

本书全面涵盖了自 ２００５年以来的所有考研英语（一）写作真题（共 ３２篇），运用始创的“三步作文法”和“两步作文法”，分别为短文和应用文配备了高水准的范文，并对之进行了深度解读。其中，在短文写作的第三步和应用文写作的第二步中，我们运用语言突破法则，对上一步的范文进行了“逐句突破”。通过反复揣摩和背诵，考生可全面把握历年真题写作的命题规律，深入掌握“逐级提升”的写作方法。

（二）４０篇重点预测范文

历经数十轮的科学论证和系统筛选，本书为考生科学圈定了“４０篇重点预测话题”，在很大程度上压缩了当年可考重点话题的范围。本书所选定的这些话题紧扣命题趋势，符合时代旋律，可考性极强。同时，经过编者的仔细修改和反复润色，这些范文凸显出思路清晰、论证充分、衔接有度和语言精美等特点，考生可在考前进行重点复习。

（三）８８篇快速浏览范文

为了帮助考生拓宽视野，扩充写作素材，编者还精心筛选了有可能会考到的８８个社会热点话题。复习时间不足的考生可以根据自己的实际情况和理性判断，挑选一部分话题进行练习———考生既可以挑选自己相对薄弱的话题，也可以挑选自己认为比较重要的话题。

选对了书籍，就成功了一半。相信这本《写作１６０篇》能够帮助基础薄弱的你大幅提分，早日上岸，踏进梦想中的高校！

品质上力求完美，创新上追求卓越，是太阳城图书创作团队存在的核心价值。十多年

来，这本《写作１６０篇》之所以能够在市场上获得持续、广泛的好评，销量一路攀升，遥遥领先，与其不计成本地追求品质、持续不断地迭代创新紧密相关。也正是因为如此，本书尽管一直被模仿，但从未被超越，其已然成为多数考生心目当中不可或缺的备考图书。实践证明，凡是认真研读过本书并且信奉受行的考生，都几无例外地取得了十分理想的成绩。究其原因，与本书所具有的以下三个特点有着直接的关系：

（一）话题全面：全面涵盖当年可考话题

本书自出版以来，以“全面涵盖可考话题”为主要特点，曾创下连续１１年命中大小作

文原题的骄人记录，其核心价值主要体现在一个“全”字上。具体而言，本书话题涵盖广泛，涉及命题可能触及到的各种题材，比如环保、网络、教育、经济、科技等。与此同时，为了强化考生复习的系统性和全面性，本书又从命题方式的角度，全面阐述了正能量弘扬型、负能量批判型、利弊参半分析型、对立观点选择型、人生哲理提炼型以及社会问题解决型等六大类型话题的命题特点及写作方法，旨在帮助考生全面、系统复习，避免有所遗漏。

（二）重点突出：按重要程度区分三类话题

如此广泛的话题极大地拓宽了考生的视野，同时也给很多考生带来了困惑：这么多话

题，谁能完全掌握？鉴于此，为节省考生时间，凸显复习重点，我们将１６０篇范文按照话题的重要程度区分为三部分，即“真题写作话题４０篇”“重点预测话题３０篇”和“热点浏览话题９０篇”。这样的编排方式，使得全书主次分明、重点突出，能够适应不同基础、不同阶段考生的复习需求。

第一，“真题写作话题４０篇”。本书全面涵盖了自１９９１年以来的所有真题写作（共４０篇）。作者运用独创的“三步作文法”和“两步作文法”，分别为大小作文配备了高水准的范文，并对之进行了全方位的深度解读。该部分旨在帮助考生全面把握历年真题写作的命题规律和备考方法，值得考生反复背诵和揣摩。

第二，“重点预测话题３０篇”（核心话题）。历经数十轮的科学论证和系统筛选，作者科学圈定了“重点预测话题３０篇”，极大限度地压缩了当年可考重点话题的范围。本书所选定的这些话题紧扣命题趋势，符合时代旋律，可考性极强。同时，经过考研英语专家的仔细修改和反复润色后，这些范文凸显出思路清晰、论证充分、衔接有度和语言精美等特点，值得广大考生在考前进行重点复习。

第三，“热点浏览话题９０篇”（浏览话题）。作者精心筛选了９０个社会热点话题，旨在增加题材的多样性，拓宽考生的视野。复习时间不足的考生可以根据自己的实际情况和理性判断，挑选一部分话题进行复习———考生既可以挑选自己比较薄弱的话题，也可以挑选自己认为重要的话题。

（三）方法创新：６大模板＋３大定律＋３０条法则

“经典模板—思路突破—语言突破”三步作文法，以及与之相对应的“６大主题高分模

板”“３大思路突破定律”和“３０条语言突破法则”，是本书一大独创。实践证明，上述方法行之有效，是多数考生通往满分写作的必由之路。

第一，“６大主题高分模板”。为满足基础薄弱考生临考突击的需求，作者将考研英语写作所涉及的所有话题归纳为６大主题，并分门别类为之提供了相应的经典模板，旨在帮助考生快速形成写作框架，脱离无从下笔的窘境。针对每一类型主题，作者均提供了初级模板和高级模板，旨在帮助考生实现“模板跃级跳”。“初级模板”简明扼要，层次分明；高级模板在此基础上打磨词句，升级语言。两种模板皆给出译文和点评，对比学习必见成效。

第二，“３大思路突破定律”。想要突破高分，首先要从宏观思路上突破僵化的模板。为帮助多数考生摆脱固化的模板框架的约束，写出更有见地和水准的上乘之作，作者在“６大主题高分模板”的基础上，归纳出了“３大思路突破定律”，即“结构突破定律”“要点突破定律”及“深度突破定律”。考生熟练掌握该方法后，其文章即可实现“结构由单一到全面”“要点由部分到完整”“深度由表象到内里”三方面的提升，使得文章内容更为完整、全面和深刻。

第三，“３０条语言突破法则”。想要突破高分，还必须在微观语言上有所突破。除了亮点词汇之外，富于变化的句式是阅卷老师更易关注到的点。作者总结出来的“３０条语言突破法则”，几乎涵盖了满分写作所需的全部句式。通过完美转换乃至简单重构，枯燥乏味的句子迅速变得饱满和生动起来，起伏跌宕，异彩纷呈。选对了书籍，就成功了一半。相信这本《写作１６０篇》能够助你收事半功倍之效，快速实现梦想，成就卓越人生！

第一部分 写作基础
第一章考研写作概述··········································２
第一节写作概论··········································２
第二节高分词汇··········································６
第三节经典句式 ··········································２７
第四节段落速成 ··········································３０
第五节 写作常见错误··········································４２
第二章考研写作经典模板总结（突破高分）··········································４８
第一节短文写作经典模板··········································４８
第二节应用文写作经典模板 ··········································５５
第三章考研写作经典模板突破（冲刺满分）··········································６６
第一节３大思路突破定律··········································６６
第二节３６条语言突破法则··········································７１
第二部分真题写作３２篇
第一章短文写作１６篇··········································８８
第一节历年真题短文写作分类和命题趋势预测··········································８８
第二节历年真题短文写作（２００５－２０２０）··········································９１
２００５年真题作文··········································９１
２００６年真题作文··········································９６
２００７年真题作文··········································１０３
２００８年真题作文··········································１０９
２００９年真题作文··········································１１５
２０１０年真题作文··········································１２２
２０１１年真题作文··········································１２８
２０１２年真题作文··········································１３５
２０１３年真题作文 ··········································１４１
２０１４年真题作文··········································１４７
２０１５年真题作文··········································１５３
２０１６年真题作文··········································１６０
２０１７年真题作文··········································１６７
２０１８年真题作文··········································１７４
２０１９年真题作文··········································１８０
２０２０年真题作文 ··········································１８６
第二章应用文写作１６篇 ··········································１９３
第一节 历年真题应用文写作分类和规律总结··········································１９３
第二节 历年真题应用文写作（２００５－２０２０）··········································１９５
２００５年真题作文··········································１９５
２００６年真题作文·········································· １９８
２００７年真题作文··········································２０１
２００８年真题作文··········································２０４
２００９年真题作文··········································２０７
２０１０年真题作文··········································２１１
２０１１年真题作文··········································２１４
２０１２年真题作文 ··········································２１７
２０１３年真题作文··········································２２１
２０１４年真题作文··········································２２４
２０１５年真题作文··········································２２７
２０１６年真题作文··········································２３０
２０１７年真题作文··········································２３３
２０１８年真题作文··········································２３６
２０１９年真题作文··········································２３９
２０２０年真题作文 ··········································２４３
第三部分 重点预测４０篇
第一章短文写作３０篇··········································２４８
第一节正能量弘扬型··········································２４８
１．工匠精神··········································２４８
２．对社会冷漠说“不”··········································２４９
３．保护名胜古迹··········································２５１
４．文化综艺弘扬传统文化··········································２５３
５．绿色出行··········································２５４
第二节负能量批判型··········································２５６
６．如此证明 ··········································２５６
７．中国传统文化的缺失··········································２５８
８．雾霾··········································２６０
９．校园霸凌··········································２６１
１０．拖延症··········································２６３
第三节利弊参半分析型··········································２６５
１．二孩政策··········································２６５
１２．跨文化传播··········································２６７
１３．网络舆论··········································２６８
１４．人工智能的利与弊··········································２７０
15.网络直播 ··········································２７２
第四节 对立观点选择型··········································２７３
１６．学历与能力 ··········································２７３
１７．渴求与自满··········································２７５
１８．考研与就业··········································２７７
１９．注重结果与注重过程··········································２７８
２０．内在美还是外在美 ··········································２８０
第四节人生哲理提炼型··········································２８２
２１．今生我不可替代··········································２８２
２２．遇事不抱怨··········································２８３
２３．成功是一座冰山··········································２８５
２４．每天进步一点点··········································２８７
２５．学会灵活变通··········································２８９
第五节社会问题解决型··········································２９０
２６．打开心门，拥抱生活··········································２９０
２７．如何与家人沟通·········································· ２９２
２８．４－２－１家庭模式··········································２９４
２９．老龄化社会的医疗··········································２９５
３０．繁重的家庭作业 ··········································２９７
第二章应用文写作１０篇··········································３００
第一节 建议信··········································３００
第二节 邀请信··········································３０１
第三节 申请信··········································３０２
第四节 感谢信··········································３０４
第五节 道歉信··········································３０５
第六节 辞职信··········································３０６
第七节 推荐信··········································３０７
第八节 祝贺信··········································３０９
第九节投诉信··········································３１０
第十节 通知··········································３１１
第四部分快速浏览８８篇
第一章短文写作７８篇 ··········································３１４
第一节正能量弘扬型··········································３１４
１．团结互助··········································３１４
２．旅游促进对文化的理解··········································３１４
３．低碳生活··········································３１５
４．光盘行动··········································３１５
５．经验之谈··········································３１６
６．勇于突破困境··········································３１６
７．创新··········································３１７
８．与友同行··········································３１８
９．独立思考··········································３１８
１１．读书的重要性··········································３１９
第二节负能量批判型··········································３１９
11．不文明行为··········································３１９
１２．旁观者效应··········································３２０
１３．袭医事件··········································３２０
１４．论文剽窃··········································３２１
１５．保护我们的家园··········································３２１
１６．拒绝酒驾··········································３２２
１７．明星代言··········································３２３
１８．践踏诚信··········································３２３
１９．责任··········································３２４
２０．网络暴力··········································３２４
２１．啃老族··········································３２５
22.维护公共卫生的意识··········································３２５
第三节利弊参半分析型··········································３２６
２３．巧用压力··········································３２６
２４．看景还是看人··········································３２７
２５．转基因食品··········································３２７
２６．老外过春节··········································３２８
２７．网络语言··········································３２８
第四节 对立观点选择型··········································３２９
２８．大学生择业 ··········································３２９
２９．选择自己的方向··········································３３０
３０．金钱与知识··········································３３０
３１．理想与现实··········································３３１
３２．百度作业··········································３３１
３３．外貌与能力··········································３３２
３４．纸质书与电子书··········································３３２
第五节 人生哲理提炼型·········································· ３３３
３５．人生没有过不去的坎··········································３３３
３６．正确的方向是成功的前提··········································３３４
３７．信仰的力量··········································３３４
３８．信念的高度决定人生的高度··········································３３５
３９．得与失··········································３３５
４０．苦尽甘来··········································３３６
４１．幸福在哪里··········································３３６
４２．正视自己··········································３３７
４３．从小事做起··········································３３８
４４．如何把握机遇··········································３３８
４５．赞扬的力量··········································３３９
４６．牵着时光的手··········································３３９
４７．真正的赢家··········································３４０
４８．阳光与阴影··········································３４０
４９．雄心··········································３４１
５０．毅力与恒心 ··········································３４２
第六节社会问题解决型 ··········································３４２
５１．养老金亏空 ··········································３４２
５２．教育的公平··········································３４３
５３．安全第一··········································３４３
５４．你陪我长大，我陪你变老··········································３４４
５５．空巢老人··········································３４４
５６．拥挤的蚁穴··········································３４５
５７．信用卡泛滥··········································３４６
５８．珍惜水资源··········································３４６
５９．国际旅游与文化冲突··········································３４７
６０．食品安全··········································３４７
６１．年轻人交友··········································３４８
６２．低头族··········································３４８
６３．个人信息泄露··········································３４９
６４．网购··········································３５０
６５．微信朋友圈··········································３５０
６６．面试困境··········································３５１
６７．大学生求职··········································３５１
６８．青少年犯罪··········································３５２
６９．过度城市化··········································３５３
７０．有其父必有其子··········································３５３
７１．大学生心理健康··········································３５４
７２．把自立寄回家··········································３５４
７３．留守儿童··········································３５５
７４．灰色假期··········································３５５
７５．走出教育的误区··········································３５６
７６．溺爱··········································３５７
７７．因材施教··········································３５７
７８．旅游景点宰客 ··········································３５８
第二章应用文写作１０篇··········································３５９
第一节请求信 ··········································３５９
第二节建议信··········································３５９
第三节致辞··········································３６０
第四节信息广告··········································３６０
第五节私人信函··········································３６１
第六节备忘录··········································３６１
第七节电子邮件··········································３６２
第八节求职信··········································３６３
第九节启事 ··········································３６３
第十节 订购信··········································３６４
· · · · · · (收起)