卡尔·波普尔爵士(Sir Karl Raimund Popper)是当代西方杰出的科学哲学家和社会哲学家。他的《历史决定论的贫困》(The Poverty of Historicism)和《开放社会及其敌人》(The Open Society and its Enemies)是西方民主思想宝库中的经典著作。波普尔曾经由于这两部书获得过英国女皇颁授的爵位。
Popper was born in 1902 to a Viennese family of Jewish origin. He taught in Austria until 1937, when he emigrated to New Zealand in anticipation of the Nazi annexation of Austria the following year, and he settled in England in 1949. Before the annexation, Popper had written mainly about the philosophy of science, but from 1938 until the end of the Second World War he focused his energies on political philosophy, seeking to diagnose the intellectual origins of German and Soviet totalitarianism. "The Open Society and Its Enemies" was the result.In the book, Popper condemned Plato, Marx, and Hegel as "holists" and "historicists" - a holist, according to Popper, believes that individuals are formed entirely by their social groups; historicists believe that social groups evolve according to internal principles that it is the intellectual's task to uncover. Popper, by contrast, held that social affairs are unpredictable, and argued vehemently against social engineering. He also sought to shift the focus of political philosophy away from questions about who ought to rule toward questions about how to minimize the damage done by the powerful. The book was an immediate sensation, and - though it has long been criticized for its portrayals of Plato, Marx, and Hegel - it has remained a landmark on the left and right alike for its defense of freedom and the spirit of critical inquiry.
现代文明社会的国家利益,除了短期的经济利益外,更重要的是自由民主、宪政法治的长远利益。之所以不同于那些【 极权、独裁、专制、人治、暴政 】的社会,就在于它的普世价值观,和在普世价值的原则指导下,建立的【 自由、民主、宪政、法治、善政 】的社会体系。 自由、民主、...
评分当代西方著名哲学家卡尔·波普尔提出的以“批判的理性主义”和“证伪主义”闻名于世的科学方法论,在西方传统“实证主义”的直向思维的死水中,搅起了一股逆向思维的旋流。然而,如果说他的科学哲学思想给当代西方哲学带来了深刻的影响的话,那么他在社会政治思想领域中所引起...
评分Popper(波普或波普尔)最值得敬佩的地方在于他的批判精神和对理性的执着。开放社会的概念正是波普哲学在政治上的合理推论,了解所谓“批判理性主义”必读。 这种哲学态度的价值在于对极权主义有超强的抵抗力,然而却也容易陷入不可知论的泥沼。 Anyway,理性万岁!
评分阿西莫夫在《基地》 中曾讲过一个故事,在基地的历史上,曾经遇到了僭主政权高罗的威胁。在双方交战中,基地人依靠强大的技术实力,施展了广泛的技术和经济制裁,使高度依靠基地产品的高罗人开始发现,自己的核动力刀切不动肉了,炉子点不起火了,洗衣机洗不动衣服了,温湿度控...
评分提到民主,我就有太多的话不吐不快,尤其从范跑跑的这件事情中,我惊讶地发现中国民众的启蒙程度之低令人痛心,早在欧洲十八世纪就已经完成了的启蒙运动,竟到了今天也未在中国生根,倒是封建社会的那一套仁义道德,跨越了几千年历史的时空永生不死,盘踞在华夏大地简直称得...
批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
评分批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
评分批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
评分批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
评分批柏批黑批的好爽,对马克思倒是分外地温柔。
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