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Ideal for undergraduate courses in philosophy of law, this comprehensive anthology examines such topics as the concept of law, the dispute between natural law theorists and legal positivists, the relations between law and morality, criminal responsibility and legal punishment, the rights of the individual against the state, justice and equality, and legal evidence as compared with scientific evidence. The readings have been selected from both philosophy and law journals and include classic texts, contemporary theoretical developments, and well-known recent court cases. The text features extensive introductions that make even the most profound writings accessible to undergraduates.

Each sub-chapter opens with an Introduction and most close with Suggestions for Further Reading
Questions for Discussion are integrated throughout
1. WHAT IS LAW?
1.1 THE THEORY OF NATURAL LAW
Readings
Thomas Aquinas, from Summa Theologiae
John Finnis, from Natural Law and Natural Rights
Lon Fuller, from The Morality of Law
1.2 LEGAL POSITIVISM
Readings
John Austin, from The Province of Jurisprudence Determined and the Uses of the Study of Jurisprudence
H.L.A. Hart, from The Concept of Law
1.3 LEGAL REALISM AND CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES
Readings
Karl Llewellyn, from The Bramble Bush, "A Realistic Jurisprudence," and The Common Law Tradition
Duncan Kennedy, "Freedom and Constraint in Adjudication: A Critical Phenomenology"
1.4 RONALD DWORKIN AND LAW AS INTEGRITY
Readings
Ronald Dworkin, from Taking Rights Seriously
Ronald Dworkin, from Law's Empire
Frederick Schauer, from Playing by the Rules
1.5 CASE STUDY: THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWS
Readings
Paul Finkelman, from Slavery in the Courtroom
Excerpt from official report of the case before Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw (Massachusetts)
Robert M. Cover, from Justice Accused
2. LEGAL REASONING
2.1 THE INTERPRETATION OF LEGAL TEXTS
Readings and Cases
Frederick Schauer, "Formalism"
Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell
Raoul Berger, from Government by Judiciary
Robert Bork, from The Tempting of America
Paul Brest, "The Misconceived Quest for the Original Understanding"
Ronald Dworkin, "Natural Law Revisited"
United States v. Locke
Richard A. Posner, "Legal Formalism, Legal Realism, and the Interpretation of Statutes and the Constitution"
Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic
National Organization for Women v. Scheidler
2.2 REASONING FROM PRECEDENT
Readings
Cass R. Sunstein, "On Analogical Reasoning"
Larry Alexander, "Constrained by Precedent"
Cases
Donoghue v. Stevenson
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
2.3 CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEGAL REASONING
Readings
Jerome Frank, from Law and the Modern Mind
Mark Tushnet, "Following the Rules Laid Down"
Martha Minow and Elizabeth Spelman, "In Context"
Richard Posner, from Economic Analysis of Law
3. THE MORAL FORCE OF LAW
3.1 IS THERE A MORAL OBLIGATION TO OBEY THE LAW?
Readings
John Rawls, "Legal Obligation and the Duty of Fair Play"
A. John Simmons, "The Principle of Fair Play"
3.2 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
Readings
John Rawls, "The Justification of Civil Disobedience"
Peter Singer, from Democracy and Disobedience
Case
Walker v. Birmingham
4. THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF RIGHTS
4.1 THE STRUCTURE OF RIGHTS
Readings
Joel Feinberg, "The Nature and Value of Rights"
Ronald Dworkin, "Hard Cases"
Judith Jarvis Thomson, "Some Ruminations on Rights"
Case
Craig v. Boren
4.2 THE RIGHT TO LIBERTY
Readings and Cases
The Harm Principle
John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty
James FitzJames Stephen, from Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Offense
Joel Feinberg, from Offense to Others
New England Naturist Association v. Larsen
Paternalism
John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty
Gerald Dworkin, "Paternalism"
Moralism
Patrick Devlin, from The Enforcement of Morals
H.L.A. Hart, from Law, Liberty, and Morality
Bowers v. Hardwick
4.3 A RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH
Readings
John Stuart Mill, from On Liberty
Thomas Scanlon, "A Theory of Freedom of Expression"
Frederick Schauer, from Free Speech: A Philosophical Enquiry
Case Study: Pornography
Definitional Preliminary
Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton
Catherine MacKinnon, "Pornography, Civil Rights, and 'Speech'"
American Booksellers Association, Inc. v. Hudnut
Ronald Dworkin, "Women and Pornography"
Case Study: Hate Speech
Collin v. Smith
Richard Delgado, "Campus Antiracism Rules: Constitutional Narratives in Collision"
Charles Lawrence, "If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech on Campus"
Nadine Strossen, "Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?"
UMW Post, Inc. v. Board of Regents of University of Wisconsin
4.4 THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY
Readings and Cases
Griswold v. Connecticut
Privacy as a Constitutional Right
David A.J. Richards, "Interpretation and Historiography"
Robert Bork, "Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems"
The Right to an Abortion
Roe v. Wade
John Noonan, "The Root and Branch of Roe v. Wade"
Catharine MacKinnon, "Reflections on Sex Equality Under Law"
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
4.5 THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Readings
Mario Cuomo, "Religious Belief and Public Morality: A Catholic Governor's Perspective"
John Garvey, "The Pope's Submarine"
Cases
Wallace v. Jaffree
Employment Division, Oregon Department of Human Resources v. Smith
4.6 THE RIGHT TO PROPERTY
Readings
Jeremy Waldron, "What is Private Property?"
Alan Ryan, "Utility and Property"
A. John Simmons, from The Lockean Theory of Rights
Case
Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York
5. JUSTICE AND EQUALITY
5.1 WHAT IS JUSTICE?
Readings
Peter Westen, "The Empty Idea of Equality"
Anthony D'Amato, "Is Equality a Totally Empty Idea?"
5.2 THEORIES OF JUSTICE
Readings
John Stuart Mill, "On the Connection between Justice and Utility"
John Rawls, from A Theory of Justice
Robert Nozick, from Anarchy, State, and Utopia
Michael Sandel, "Morality and the Liberal Ideal"
5.3 DISCRIMINATION
Readings
Joseph Tussman and Jacobus tenBroek, "The Equal Protection of the Laws"
Owen Fiss, "Groups and the Equal Protection Clause"
Case
Brown v. Board of Education
5.4 PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT
Readings
Ronald Dworkin, "Why Bakke Has No Case"
Carl Cohen, "Why Racial Preference is Illegal and Immoral"
Cases
Regents of University of California v. Bakke
Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission et al.
5.5 EQUALITY FOR WOMEN
Readings
Catharine MacKinnon, "Reflections on Sex Equality Under Law"
Richard Epstein, from Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws
Cases
California Federal Savings and Loan v. Guerra
Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
5.6 EQUALITY FOR HOMOSEXUALS
Readings
Richard Mohr, "Gay Rights"
Ernest van den Haag, "Sodom and Begorrah"
Case
Watkins v. United States Army
5.7 OTHER KINDS OF DISCRIMINATION
6. PUNISHMENT
6.1 THE NATURE OF PUNISHMENT
6.2 THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT
6.3 UTILITARIAN THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT
Readings
Jeremy Bentham, from An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
John Rawls, "Two Concepts of Rules"
6.4 RETRIBUTIVISMS
Readings
Immanuel Kant, "On the Right to Punish"
Michael Davis, "Harm and Retribution"
6.5 COMBINATIONS AND ALTERNATIVES
6.6 CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
Readings
Ernest van den Haag, "The Collapse of the Case Against Capital Punishment"
Jeffrey Reiman, "Justice, Civilization, and the Death Penalty"
Stephen Nathanson, "Does it Matter if the Death Penalty is Arbitrarily Administered?
Cases
Furman v. Georgia
Gregg v. Georgia
McCleskey v. Kemp
Herrera v. Texas
7. RESPONSIBILITY
7.1 WHAT IS RESPONSIBILITY?
7.2 LEGAL CAUSATION
Reading
H.L.A. Hart and Tony Honoré, from Causation in the Law
Case
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad
7.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR OMISSIONS
Readings
Richard Epstein, "A Theory of Strict Liability"
Ernest Weinrib, "The Case for a Duty to Rescue"
Case
Farwell v. Keaton
7.4 MENS REA AND STRICT LIABILITY
Reading
Richard Wasserstrom, "Strict Liability in the Criminal Law"
Case
Tison v. Arizona
Case Study: Liability for Rape
Glanville Williams, Lords' Decision on the Law of Rape
Susan Estrich, from Real Rape
Commonwealth v. Sherry
7.5 THE INSANITY DEFENSE
Readings
Norval Morris, from Madness and the Criminal Law
Richard Bonnie, "The Moral Basis of the Insanity Defense"
Case
Selection from the transcript of John Hinckley's trial
8. LEGAL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE
8.1 THE BURDEN OF PROOF
Readings
John Kaplan, "Decision Theory and the Factfinding Process"
Frederick Schauer and Richard Zeckhauser, "On the Degree of Confidence for Adverse Decisions"
Case
In re Winship
8.2 PROBABILITY AND THE LAW OF EVIDENCE
Readings
Michael J. Saks and Robert F. Kidd, "Human Information Processing and Adjudication: Trial by Heuristics"
Judith Jarvis Thomson, "Liability and Individualized Evidence"
Cases
Smith v. Rapid Transit, Inc.
People v. Collins
8.3 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE
Readings
Malcom Wilkey, "The Exclusionary Rule: Costs and Viable Alternatives"
Stephen H. Sachs, "The Exculsionary Rule: A Prosecutor's Defense"
Case
United States v. Leon
Appendix
The Constitution of the United States of America
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