The Soviet Union was the first of Europe's multiethnic states to confront the rising tide of nationalism by systematically promoting the national consciousness of its ethnic minorities and establishing for them many of the institutional forms characteristic of the modern nation-state. In the 1920s, the Bolshevik government, seeking to defuse nationalist sentiment, created tens of thousands of national territories. It trained new national leaders, established national languages, and financed the production of national-language cultural products.This was a massive and fascinating historical experiment in governing a multiethnic state. Terry Martin provides a comprehensive survey and interpretation, based on newly available archival sources, of the Soviet management of the nationalities question. He traces the conflicts and tensions created by the geographic definition of national territories, the establishment of dozens of official national languages, and the world's first mass "affirmative action" programs. Martin examines the contradictions inherent in the Soviet nationality policy, which sought simultaneously to foster the growth of national consciousness among its minority populations while dictating the exact content of their cultures; to sponsor national liberation movements in neighboring countries, while eliminating all foreign influence on the Soviet Union's many diaspora nationalities. Martin explores the political logic of Stalin's policies as he responded to a perceived threat to Soviet unity in the 1930s by re-establishing the Russians as the state's leading nationality and deporting numerous "enemy nations."
具體描述
讀後感
評分
評分
評分
評分
用戶評價
最大的貢獻在於不再以Russians為主軸，還原“蘇聯首先是蘇聯人的國傢”。“The Soviet Union was not a nation-state”，Martin寫這句話時心裏大概在比照美帝吧
评分“彆像沙俄帝國”&“太像沙俄帝國”&“不好定義的帝國”
评分澄清瞭很多重要問題，關於蘇聯早期對待少數民族究竟如何，以及這些政策是齣於怎樣的考慮。最大感慨是左翼和右翼國傢即使都有民族迫害，具體做法及背後的邏輯、話語和目的也是完全不同的。"soviet union was not a nation-state, and had no ambition to turn itself into a nation-state"
评分蘇聯在不自覺中充當瞭內亞弱小民族的保護者、解放者、建國者的身份
评分“彆像沙俄帝國”&“太像沙俄帝國”&“不好定義的帝國”
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